BIMM 100 Midterm 1 – Cooper
questions correctly answered to pass
DNA function - correct answer ✔✔ replicates and stores genetic information--a blueprint for all
genetic information contained with an organism
RNA function - correct answer ✔✔ converts the genetic information contained within DNA to a
format used to build proteins, and then moves it to ribosomal protein factories
Difference between sugar groups in DNA and RNA? - correct answer ✔✔ DNA missing 1
hydroxyl group
DNA location vs RNA location - correct answer ✔✔ DNA: in nucleus, small amount also in
mitochondria. RNA: forms in nucleolus, then moves to specialized regions of the cytoplasm
depending on type
Which is more reactive, DNA or RNA and why? - correct answer ✔✔ RNA is more reactive bc it
has 1 more OH group as compared to DNA
DNA synthesis is _____ strand growth. - correct answer ✔✔ 5' --> 3' (builds off 3' end)
DNA backbone is a ______ bond between ____ group on 3' end and ___ group on 5' end. -
correct answer ✔✔ covalent phosphodiester, OH, phosphate
Describe the fundamental discoveries that led to the field of Molecular Biology - correct answer
✔✔ Evolution by natural selection (darwin) --> mendel used pea plants to show heredity -->
BREAKTHROUGH, griffith discovered bacterial transformation! --> Meischer then discovered
"nucleins" = nucleic acids
, What was the breakthrough that led to molecular biology (fusion of biochemistry and genetics)
- correct answer ✔✔ Spanish flu, griffith found that mice die when dead S cells mixed with living
R cells
Giffith experiment - correct answer ✔✔ -Living S + mouse = dead mouse
-Living R + mouse = living mouse
-Dead S + mouse = living mouse
-Dead S + living R = dead mouse!
What did Meischer discover? - correct answer ✔✔ Extracted neutrophils from bandages and
discovered "nuclein", which contained P but no S. Later known as "nucleic acids"
Explain the three experiments that discovered & verified that DNA is the molecule of heredity -
correct answer ✔✔ 1) Griffith: bacterial transformation (during spnaish flu)
2) avery, Macleod, McCarthy: DNA is a substance that causes bacterial transformation
3) Hershey-chase experiment: verified genes are made of DNA using radioactive phage
Explain the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment - correct answer ✔✔ Discovered: DNA is
substance that causes bacterial transformation (R+treated S)
Experiment: Put S cells in culture medium, when treated with either protease, ribonuclease, or
deoxyribonuclease and then added those treated filtrate with rough cells. All treatments
showed gene transfer except the one with impaired DNA.
Explain the hershey-chase experiment - correct answer ✔✔ Discovered: verified genes are
made of DNA (radioactive phage)
Used phages (just proteins + DNA) → which is responsible for genes/heredity?
They labeled phages radioactively to infect cells (35S for proteins, 32P for DNA).
questions correctly answered to pass
DNA function - correct answer ✔✔ replicates and stores genetic information--a blueprint for all
genetic information contained with an organism
RNA function - correct answer ✔✔ converts the genetic information contained within DNA to a
format used to build proteins, and then moves it to ribosomal protein factories
Difference between sugar groups in DNA and RNA? - correct answer ✔✔ DNA missing 1
hydroxyl group
DNA location vs RNA location - correct answer ✔✔ DNA: in nucleus, small amount also in
mitochondria. RNA: forms in nucleolus, then moves to specialized regions of the cytoplasm
depending on type
Which is more reactive, DNA or RNA and why? - correct answer ✔✔ RNA is more reactive bc it
has 1 more OH group as compared to DNA
DNA synthesis is _____ strand growth. - correct answer ✔✔ 5' --> 3' (builds off 3' end)
DNA backbone is a ______ bond between ____ group on 3' end and ___ group on 5' end. -
correct answer ✔✔ covalent phosphodiester, OH, phosphate
Describe the fundamental discoveries that led to the field of Molecular Biology - correct answer
✔✔ Evolution by natural selection (darwin) --> mendel used pea plants to show heredity -->
BREAKTHROUGH, griffith discovered bacterial transformation! --> Meischer then discovered
"nucleins" = nucleic acids
, What was the breakthrough that led to molecular biology (fusion of biochemistry and genetics)
- correct answer ✔✔ Spanish flu, griffith found that mice die when dead S cells mixed with living
R cells
Giffith experiment - correct answer ✔✔ -Living S + mouse = dead mouse
-Living R + mouse = living mouse
-Dead S + mouse = living mouse
-Dead S + living R = dead mouse!
What did Meischer discover? - correct answer ✔✔ Extracted neutrophils from bandages and
discovered "nuclein", which contained P but no S. Later known as "nucleic acids"
Explain the three experiments that discovered & verified that DNA is the molecule of heredity -
correct answer ✔✔ 1) Griffith: bacterial transformation (during spnaish flu)
2) avery, Macleod, McCarthy: DNA is a substance that causes bacterial transformation
3) Hershey-chase experiment: verified genes are made of DNA using radioactive phage
Explain the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment - correct answer ✔✔ Discovered: DNA is
substance that causes bacterial transformation (R+treated S)
Experiment: Put S cells in culture medium, when treated with either protease, ribonuclease, or
deoxyribonuclease and then added those treated filtrate with rough cells. All treatments
showed gene transfer except the one with impaired DNA.
Explain the hershey-chase experiment - correct answer ✔✔ Discovered: verified genes are
made of DNA (radioactive phage)
Used phages (just proteins + DNA) → which is responsible for genes/heredity?
They labeled phages radioactively to infect cells (35S for proteins, 32P for DNA).
