BIMM 100: Test 1 questions well
answered graded A+
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - correct answer ✔✔ DNA -> RNA -> Protein
how gene expression is controlled
Two main concepts of Evolution - correct answer ✔✔ 1) Information is passed from organism to
organism over time
2) the information passed can stably change and evolve over time
Fredrick Griffith Experiment - correct answer ✔✔ proved that genetic material is transferrable
between bacteria
Had 4 samples:
1) took "smooth" stains of the pneumoniae virus with a capsule --> injected it into a mouse-->
mouse died --> virulent
2) rough strain of pneumoniae virus without a capsule --> inject into mouse --> mouse lives -->
non-virulent
3) took the smooth capsule strain cells --> killed them with heat --> injected into the mouse -->
mouse lived
,4) took the smooth capsule strain cells --> killed them with heat --> also injected R strain virus --
> mouse died
With further investigation of the last sample, he isolated the virus in the site of injection and
found live S and R strains --> concluded the live R strain must have picked up genetic material
from the dead S strain to then make a capsule to make it virulent
Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment - correct answer ✔✔ They performed the same
experiment with the dead S and live R; however they used different reagents on the dead S to
see if they could inhibit the transfer of genetic material
5 samples of the S strain were treated with various reagents to determine what was the
molecule that was being transferred:
1) phenol --> still infectious
2) Proteinase (trypsin) --> still infectious
3) RNase --> still infectious
4) UV light --> no longer infectious
5) DNase --> no longer infectious
The results concluded that the genetic material being transferred must be DNA.
Hershey-Chase Experiment - correct answer ✔✔ used two radioactively marked bacterial
phages
, 1) marker with a sulfur with protein
2) marked with phosphorous with DNA
let the phages inject material into cells
blend to remove phages
in the cells that were injected by phage with protein there was very little sulfur present
in the cells that were injected with radiolabeled phosphorous DNA there was a lot of DNA in the
cells
this concluded that DNA is being is the genetic material that is transferred
Beade and Tatum Experiment - correct answer ✔✔ test the hypothesis that one gene is
responsible for one enzyme
Procedure:
-used bread mold and tracked the metabolic pathway of the synthesis of Arginine
-they already knew there must be three steps for the production of arginine: 1) Precursor, 2)
ornithine, 3) citruline --> arginine
-they chose this pathway because it was pretty well understood and they predicted three
enzymes were involved because of the three steps
-they treated the mold with UV light to create mutations to find a mutant that creates a
blockage for the arginine biosynthesis
answered graded A+
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - correct answer ✔✔ DNA -> RNA -> Protein
how gene expression is controlled
Two main concepts of Evolution - correct answer ✔✔ 1) Information is passed from organism to
organism over time
2) the information passed can stably change and evolve over time
Fredrick Griffith Experiment - correct answer ✔✔ proved that genetic material is transferrable
between bacteria
Had 4 samples:
1) took "smooth" stains of the pneumoniae virus with a capsule --> injected it into a mouse-->
mouse died --> virulent
2) rough strain of pneumoniae virus without a capsule --> inject into mouse --> mouse lives -->
non-virulent
3) took the smooth capsule strain cells --> killed them with heat --> injected into the mouse -->
mouse lived
,4) took the smooth capsule strain cells --> killed them with heat --> also injected R strain virus --
> mouse died
With further investigation of the last sample, he isolated the virus in the site of injection and
found live S and R strains --> concluded the live R strain must have picked up genetic material
from the dead S strain to then make a capsule to make it virulent
Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment - correct answer ✔✔ They performed the same
experiment with the dead S and live R; however they used different reagents on the dead S to
see if they could inhibit the transfer of genetic material
5 samples of the S strain were treated with various reagents to determine what was the
molecule that was being transferred:
1) phenol --> still infectious
2) Proteinase (trypsin) --> still infectious
3) RNase --> still infectious
4) UV light --> no longer infectious
5) DNase --> no longer infectious
The results concluded that the genetic material being transferred must be DNA.
Hershey-Chase Experiment - correct answer ✔✔ used two radioactively marked bacterial
phages
, 1) marker with a sulfur with protein
2) marked with phosphorous with DNA
let the phages inject material into cells
blend to remove phages
in the cells that were injected by phage with protein there was very little sulfur present
in the cells that were injected with radiolabeled phosphorous DNA there was a lot of DNA in the
cells
this concluded that DNA is being is the genetic material that is transferred
Beade and Tatum Experiment - correct answer ✔✔ test the hypothesis that one gene is
responsible for one enzyme
Procedure:
-used bread mold and tracked the metabolic pathway of the synthesis of Arginine
-they already knew there must be three steps for the production of arginine: 1) Precursor, 2)
ornithine, 3) citruline --> arginine
-they chose this pathway because it was pretty well understood and they predicted three
enzymes were involved because of the three steps
-they treated the mold with UV light to create mutations to find a mutant that creates a
blockage for the arginine biosynthesis
