Bimm 122 midterm 1 questions n
correct answers
what is genetics? - correct answer ✔✔ study of genes, genetic variation, and hereditary
How can we conduct experiments regarding genetic analyses? - correct answer ✔✔ a. Through
careful observation of mutants to infer gene and regulatory behavior
b. The most modern way is to introduce mutations to break a system and see what effects it
induces on the organism
How does evolution contribute to genetics and what are the 3 main objectives? - correct answer
✔✔ 1. Variation exists within a population (not every organism within a species shares the exact
same genetic code)
2. Variation in the population can be subject to selection (within variation, there exists
competition and some do better, and some do not)
3. Variation can be inherited (genetic code is passed down from parent to offspring)
Microbes - correct answer ✔✔ single celled organism
what do microbes consist of? - correct answer ✔✔ single-celled eukaryotic organisms: bacteria,
archaea, and viruses
Which contain microbes? Archaea, bacteria, or eukarya? - correct answer ✔✔ all three
What are some details about archaea? - correct answer ✔✔ - no nucleus
- prokaryote
- many extremophiles
,- includes methanogens(methane generating)
What are some details about bacteria? - correct answer ✔✔ - no nucleus (prokaryote)
- gram neg and gram pos
- broadly associated with human disease and health
What are the differences between gram neg and gram positive? - correct answer ✔✔ Gram
negative have:
- inner membrane
- skinnt cell wall
- outer membrane (asymmetric)
--> 2 membrane + skinnt cell wall
- non-accessible
- stains pink/red
Gram positive have:
- large cell wall + inner membrane
- accessible
- stains purple
What are some details about eukarya? - correct answer ✔✔ - has a nuclear membrane
- membrane bound organelles
arose from an endosymbiotic event of archaeon and bacterium
eg: amoeba, yeast, algae
, What is endosymbiosis? - correct answer ✔✔ - mitochondria and chloroplast are autonomously
replicating structures with their own DNA + RNA
- archaea = origin of the nucleus
-cells began to consume and capture mitochondria in order to exist
- bacteria provided mitochondria and chloroplast
- Eukaryotes: fusion of archaea and bacteria
What are the characteristics of a model organism? - correct answer ✔✔ - easy to raise in lab
- features that make genetics easy such as fast replication and observe their behaviors
- have same evolutionary conservation on topic of interest
What are some important characteristics of E.Coli? - correct answer ✔✔ - Gram Neg bacterium
- aerobe(oxygen is electron acceptor)
- predominant aerobe in gut microbiome
- easy to grow
- doubles every 30 min
Is E.coli gram negative or positve? - correct answer ✔✔ gram negative
why is e.coli a good model organism? - correct answer ✔✔ - replicates fast
- doubles every 30 minutes
- easy metabolic requirements
-lab safe and related to important human pathogens that harm us
Name 2 methods to grow bacteria. - correct answer ✔✔ Broth culture and growth on a plate
correct answers
what is genetics? - correct answer ✔✔ study of genes, genetic variation, and hereditary
How can we conduct experiments regarding genetic analyses? - correct answer ✔✔ a. Through
careful observation of mutants to infer gene and regulatory behavior
b. The most modern way is to introduce mutations to break a system and see what effects it
induces on the organism
How does evolution contribute to genetics and what are the 3 main objectives? - correct answer
✔✔ 1. Variation exists within a population (not every organism within a species shares the exact
same genetic code)
2. Variation in the population can be subject to selection (within variation, there exists
competition and some do better, and some do not)
3. Variation can be inherited (genetic code is passed down from parent to offspring)
Microbes - correct answer ✔✔ single celled organism
what do microbes consist of? - correct answer ✔✔ single-celled eukaryotic organisms: bacteria,
archaea, and viruses
Which contain microbes? Archaea, bacteria, or eukarya? - correct answer ✔✔ all three
What are some details about archaea? - correct answer ✔✔ - no nucleus
- prokaryote
- many extremophiles
,- includes methanogens(methane generating)
What are some details about bacteria? - correct answer ✔✔ - no nucleus (prokaryote)
- gram neg and gram pos
- broadly associated with human disease and health
What are the differences between gram neg and gram positive? - correct answer ✔✔ Gram
negative have:
- inner membrane
- skinnt cell wall
- outer membrane (asymmetric)
--> 2 membrane + skinnt cell wall
- non-accessible
- stains pink/red
Gram positive have:
- large cell wall + inner membrane
- accessible
- stains purple
What are some details about eukarya? - correct answer ✔✔ - has a nuclear membrane
- membrane bound organelles
arose from an endosymbiotic event of archaeon and bacterium
eg: amoeba, yeast, algae
, What is endosymbiosis? - correct answer ✔✔ - mitochondria and chloroplast are autonomously
replicating structures with their own DNA + RNA
- archaea = origin of the nucleus
-cells began to consume and capture mitochondria in order to exist
- bacteria provided mitochondria and chloroplast
- Eukaryotes: fusion of archaea and bacteria
What are the characteristics of a model organism? - correct answer ✔✔ - easy to raise in lab
- features that make genetics easy such as fast replication and observe their behaviors
- have same evolutionary conservation on topic of interest
What are some important characteristics of E.Coli? - correct answer ✔✔ - Gram Neg bacterium
- aerobe(oxygen is electron acceptor)
- predominant aerobe in gut microbiome
- easy to grow
- doubles every 30 min
Is E.coli gram negative or positve? - correct answer ✔✔ gram negative
why is e.coli a good model organism? - correct answer ✔✔ - replicates fast
- doubles every 30 minutes
- easy metabolic requirements
-lab safe and related to important human pathogens that harm us
Name 2 methods to grow bacteria. - correct answer ✔✔ Broth culture and growth on a plate
