Lab 8 – The heart
Pericardium: - Middle cardiac vein
- Fibrous Pericardium - Coronary sinus
- Serous Pericardium - Pulmonary veins
- Parietal layer - Superior vena cava (SVC)
- Visceral layer - Inferior venae cava (IVC)
(epicardium)
Nerves: (see other labs) Right Atrium:
- Phrenic - Musculi pectinati
- Left Vagus nerve: - Sinus venarum
- Left recurrent - Crista terminalis
laryngeal nerve - Sulcus terminalis
- Fossa ovalis
Sinuses: - Limbus of the Fossa ovalis
- Transverse pericardial sinus - Tricuspid valve
- Oblique pericardial sinus - Right auricle
- Opening for IVC
Grooves: - Opening for SVC
- Atrioventricular groove - Opening for coronary sinus
(coronary sulcus)
- Anterior interventricular Right Ventricle:
groove / sulcus - Trabeculae carneae
- Posterior interventricular - Papillary muscles:
groove/sulcus - Anterior
- Posterior
Arteries: - Septal
- Pulmonary trunk/ arteries - Chordae tendineae
- Pulmonary valve/ cusps - Moderator band
- Ascending aorta: (septomarginal trabecula)
- Aortic sinuses - Conus arteriosus
- Ostia for left and right (infundibulum)
coronary arteries - Opening for Pulmonary trunk
- Left coronary artery: (Arises and the valves
from the left posterior aortic sinus)
- Anterior Left Ventricle:
interventricular artery (LAD -Left -Trabeculae carneae
anterior descending). - Papillary muscle:
- Circumflex branch - Anterior
- Right coronary artery: (Arises - Posterior
from the anterior or ventral aortic - Chorda tendineae
sinus) - Aortic vestibule
- Artery to SA node - Aortic opening/valve
- Marginal branch - Mitral valve
- Posterior
interventricular artery (PDA) Left Atrium:
- Pulmonary veins
Veins: - Left auricle:
- Great cardiac vein - musculi pectinati
- Small cardiac vein - Mitral valve
Lab 8 – The heart notes
, Surface anatomy:
Finding the borders of the heart:
If you mark the following points, you
will have a ‘box’ where your heart fits
into, and now you can find the borders
of the heart based on your costal
Point 4
cartilages and intercostal spaces
(which you can feel without cutting). Point 1
Mark the following points:
o Point 1: In the right third costal
cartilage, at the superior
sternal border Point 3
o Point 2: In the right sixth costal
cartilage, near the sternum Point 2
o Point 3: At the left 5th
intercostal space at the
“midclavicular line trace the
middle of the clavicle down”.
o Point 4: At the left 2nd costal
cartilage, at the inferior border
near the sternum.
o Join the points to find the
borders of the heart as follows:
Points Border of heart Corresponding
part of the heart
1+2 Right border of the Right atrium
heart
3+4 Left border of the Mainly left ventricle
heart
2+3 Inferior border Mainly right
ventricle, some left
ventricle
1+4 Superior border Right and left atria
The apex of the heart is located deep to the left 5th intercostal space at the
midclavicular line. It is made up of the left ventricle.
Lab 8 – The heart notes
Pericardium: - Middle cardiac vein
- Fibrous Pericardium - Coronary sinus
- Serous Pericardium - Pulmonary veins
- Parietal layer - Superior vena cava (SVC)
- Visceral layer - Inferior venae cava (IVC)
(epicardium)
Nerves: (see other labs) Right Atrium:
- Phrenic - Musculi pectinati
- Left Vagus nerve: - Sinus venarum
- Left recurrent - Crista terminalis
laryngeal nerve - Sulcus terminalis
- Fossa ovalis
Sinuses: - Limbus of the Fossa ovalis
- Transverse pericardial sinus - Tricuspid valve
- Oblique pericardial sinus - Right auricle
- Opening for IVC
Grooves: - Opening for SVC
- Atrioventricular groove - Opening for coronary sinus
(coronary sulcus)
- Anterior interventricular Right Ventricle:
groove / sulcus - Trabeculae carneae
- Posterior interventricular - Papillary muscles:
groove/sulcus - Anterior
- Posterior
Arteries: - Septal
- Pulmonary trunk/ arteries - Chordae tendineae
- Pulmonary valve/ cusps - Moderator band
- Ascending aorta: (septomarginal trabecula)
- Aortic sinuses - Conus arteriosus
- Ostia for left and right (infundibulum)
coronary arteries - Opening for Pulmonary trunk
- Left coronary artery: (Arises and the valves
from the left posterior aortic sinus)
- Anterior Left Ventricle:
interventricular artery (LAD -Left -Trabeculae carneae
anterior descending). - Papillary muscle:
- Circumflex branch - Anterior
- Right coronary artery: (Arises - Posterior
from the anterior or ventral aortic - Chorda tendineae
sinus) - Aortic vestibule
- Artery to SA node - Aortic opening/valve
- Marginal branch - Mitral valve
- Posterior
interventricular artery (PDA) Left Atrium:
- Pulmonary veins
Veins: - Left auricle:
- Great cardiac vein - musculi pectinati
- Small cardiac vein - Mitral valve
Lab 8 – The heart notes
, Surface anatomy:
Finding the borders of the heart:
If you mark the following points, you
will have a ‘box’ where your heart fits
into, and now you can find the borders
of the heart based on your costal
Point 4
cartilages and intercostal spaces
(which you can feel without cutting). Point 1
Mark the following points:
o Point 1: In the right third costal
cartilage, at the superior
sternal border Point 3
o Point 2: In the right sixth costal
cartilage, near the sternum Point 2
o Point 3: At the left 5th
intercostal space at the
“midclavicular line trace the
middle of the clavicle down”.
o Point 4: At the left 2nd costal
cartilage, at the inferior border
near the sternum.
o Join the points to find the
borders of the heart as follows:
Points Border of heart Corresponding
part of the heart
1+2 Right border of the Right atrium
heart
3+4 Left border of the Mainly left ventricle
heart
2+3 Inferior border Mainly right
ventricle, some left
ventricle
1+4 Superior border Right and left atria
The apex of the heart is located deep to the left 5th intercostal space at the
midclavicular line. It is made up of the left ventricle.
Lab 8 – The heart notes
