Lab 7: Thoracic Wall and Lungs
Bony Landmarks - Sternum: - Superior Epigastric arteries and
- Jugular notch veins
- Manubrium sterni - Pericardiacophrenic artery and
- Body of Sternum vein
- Xiphoid process Mediastinum:
- Manubriosternal joint: (Sternal - Superior
angle, Angle of Louis) - Inferior:
Bony Landmarks - Ribs: Nerves:
- Head - Phrenic
- Neck LUNGS
- Angle - Apex of lung
- Facets on rib for vertebral - Diaphragmatic surfaces: right
articulation and left lungs
- Scalene tubercle on first rib - Anterior margin and costal
- Grooves for subclavian vessels on surface of right and left lungs
first rib Right Lung:
- Costal groove - Groove for azygos vein
Bony Landmarks - Thoracic - Groove for esophagus
Vertebrae: - Horizontal fissure
- Costal facets on transverse - Oblique fissure
processes and the body of the - Cardiac impression
vertebra - Pulmonary ligament
Pleura: - Hilum
- Visceral Pleura Left Lung:
- Parietal Pleura: - Groove for arch of aorta
- Costal - Groove for descending aorta
- Diaphragmatic - Groove for esophagus
- Mediastinal - Cardiac impression
- Cupola (cervical) - Cardiac notch
Muscles: - Oblique fissure
- External intercostal muscle and - Pulmonary ligament
membrane Lobes:
- Internal intercostal muscle - Right Lung:
- Innermost intercostal layer - Upper
o Transversus thoracis - Middle
(sternocostalis) - Lower
o Innermost intercostal - Left lung:
membrane - Upper lobe:
o Subcostalis muscle - Lingular process of left
Recesses / Reflections: lung (part of upper lobe)
- Costodiaphragmatic - Lower lobe:
- Costomediastinal Structures in the Hilum of the
Arteries/Veins: Lung:
- Internal thoracic (mammary) - Right and Left main (principal or
artery and vein chief bronchus)
- Anterior intercostal arteries and - Eparterial bronchus (right
veins superior lobar bronchus) on root
- Musculophrenic artery and vein of right lung
, Surface anatomy: Thorax
The sternum lies subcutaneously in the
anterior median line
The jugular notch lies at the inferior
border of the T2 vertebra
The sternal angle / manibusternal angle /
angle of Louis is the angle between T4
and T5, and is important because:
o Manubriosternal joint
o Bifurcation of Trachea
o Carina
o Azygos enters SVC
o Start of Aortic arch
o Start of Descending Aorta
o Second costochondral joint
(attachment of the second
costochondral cartilage)
o Inferior border of superior
Mediastinum
Bones (look at bony landmarks
too):
- Ribs:
o Ribs 1 – 7: Are called true ribs
because they articulate directly to
the sternum via their costal
cartilages and the thoracic
vertebrae.
o Ribs 8 – 10: Are called false ribs
because they articulate through the
costal cartilage of rib 7 (do not
attach their cartilages to the
sternum). When the cartilage from
rib 7 joins those of ribs 8-10, it
forms the COSTAL MARGIN.
o Ribs 11- 12: are called floating ribs
becayse they do not articulate to the
sternum at all.
- Aperatures:
o Superior thoracic aperture: bound
by the jugular notch, 1st ribs + their
costal cartilages, and the first thoracic vertebrae
o Inferior thoracic aperture: bound by the 12th thoracic vertebrae, the 12th
ribs, tips of the 11th ribs, costal margin and the xiphoid process of the
sternum
Bony Landmarks - Sternum: - Superior Epigastric arteries and
- Jugular notch veins
- Manubrium sterni - Pericardiacophrenic artery and
- Body of Sternum vein
- Xiphoid process Mediastinum:
- Manubriosternal joint: (Sternal - Superior
angle, Angle of Louis) - Inferior:
Bony Landmarks - Ribs: Nerves:
- Head - Phrenic
- Neck LUNGS
- Angle - Apex of lung
- Facets on rib for vertebral - Diaphragmatic surfaces: right
articulation and left lungs
- Scalene tubercle on first rib - Anterior margin and costal
- Grooves for subclavian vessels on surface of right and left lungs
first rib Right Lung:
- Costal groove - Groove for azygos vein
Bony Landmarks - Thoracic - Groove for esophagus
Vertebrae: - Horizontal fissure
- Costal facets on transverse - Oblique fissure
processes and the body of the - Cardiac impression
vertebra - Pulmonary ligament
Pleura: - Hilum
- Visceral Pleura Left Lung:
- Parietal Pleura: - Groove for arch of aorta
- Costal - Groove for descending aorta
- Diaphragmatic - Groove for esophagus
- Mediastinal - Cardiac impression
- Cupola (cervical) - Cardiac notch
Muscles: - Oblique fissure
- External intercostal muscle and - Pulmonary ligament
membrane Lobes:
- Internal intercostal muscle - Right Lung:
- Innermost intercostal layer - Upper
o Transversus thoracis - Middle
(sternocostalis) - Lower
o Innermost intercostal - Left lung:
membrane - Upper lobe:
o Subcostalis muscle - Lingular process of left
Recesses / Reflections: lung (part of upper lobe)
- Costodiaphragmatic - Lower lobe:
- Costomediastinal Structures in the Hilum of the
Arteries/Veins: Lung:
- Internal thoracic (mammary) - Right and Left main (principal or
artery and vein chief bronchus)
- Anterior intercostal arteries and - Eparterial bronchus (right
veins superior lobar bronchus) on root
- Musculophrenic artery and vein of right lung
, Surface anatomy: Thorax
The sternum lies subcutaneously in the
anterior median line
The jugular notch lies at the inferior
border of the T2 vertebra
The sternal angle / manibusternal angle /
angle of Louis is the angle between T4
and T5, and is important because:
o Manubriosternal joint
o Bifurcation of Trachea
o Carina
o Azygos enters SVC
o Start of Aortic arch
o Start of Descending Aorta
o Second costochondral joint
(attachment of the second
costochondral cartilage)
o Inferior border of superior
Mediastinum
Bones (look at bony landmarks
too):
- Ribs:
o Ribs 1 – 7: Are called true ribs
because they articulate directly to
the sternum via their costal
cartilages and the thoracic
vertebrae.
o Ribs 8 – 10: Are called false ribs
because they articulate through the
costal cartilage of rib 7 (do not
attach their cartilages to the
sternum). When the cartilage from
rib 7 joins those of ribs 8-10, it
forms the COSTAL MARGIN.
o Ribs 11- 12: are called floating ribs
becayse they do not articulate to the
sternum at all.
- Aperatures:
o Superior thoracic aperture: bound
by the jugular notch, 1st ribs + their
costal cartilages, and the first thoracic vertebrae
o Inferior thoracic aperture: bound by the 12th thoracic vertebrae, the 12th
ribs, tips of the 11th ribs, costal margin and the xiphoid process of the
sternum
