Page 1 of 53
Applied Patho for the Advanced Practice Nurse
(Dulgasch)- Chapter 2 Exam Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
Cytoplasm/Protoplasm .......ANSWER......colorless, viscous liquid
containing water, nutrients, ions, dissolved gases, and waste
products. Where cellular work takes place.
Nucleus .......ANSWER......contains all genetic information and is
surrounded by double membrane; regulates cell growth,
metabolism, and reproduction.
Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
.......ANSWER......phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and
regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cellular Permeability .......ANSWER......The ability of the cell to
allow passage of some substances through the membrane, while
not permitting others to enter or exit
,Page 2 of 53
Diffusion .......ANSWER......Movement of molecules from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
No energy consumed.
Facilitated Diffusion .......ANSWER......movement of substances
from area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration with assistance of carrier molecule. No energy
consumed.
Cell commonalities .......ANSWER......1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Organelles
4. Exchange material with surroundings
5. Obtain energy from organic nutrients
6. Replicate
,Page 3 of 53
Differentiation .......ANSWER......the process by which cells
become specialized
phospholipid bilayer .......ANSWER......Plasma membrane layers
composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads
facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.
Osmosis .......ANSWER......movements of solvent (i.e. water) from
area of low solute concentration to area of high solute
concentration.
Osmotic Pressure .......ANSWER......The solute concentration is the
determinant of the ability to attract water, which is termed
______________ ______________
higher; results in more water drawn into cell .......ANSWER......The
higher the solute concentration, the ____________ the osmotic
pressure
, Page 4 of 53
osmolarity and osmoloity .......ANSWER......measures of osmotic
activity/pressure
hydrostatic pressure .......ANSWER......created by water pushing
against the cellular membrane, forcing the water out; opposite of
osmotic pressure
oncotic pressure .......ANSWER......The osmotic pressure in the
blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) -->
causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.
Edema .......ANSWER......low albumin levels = low oncotic pressure
= inability to draw water back into cells = ____________
Active transport .......ANSWER......movement from low
concentration to high concentration against a concentration
gradient
-uses carrier molecule
-Energy consumed
Applied Patho for the Advanced Practice Nurse
(Dulgasch)- Chapter 2 Exam Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
Cytoplasm/Protoplasm .......ANSWER......colorless, viscous liquid
containing water, nutrients, ions, dissolved gases, and waste
products. Where cellular work takes place.
Nucleus .......ANSWER......contains all genetic information and is
surrounded by double membrane; regulates cell growth,
metabolism, and reproduction.
Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
.......ANSWER......phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and
regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cellular Permeability .......ANSWER......The ability of the cell to
allow passage of some substances through the membrane, while
not permitting others to enter or exit
,Page 2 of 53
Diffusion .......ANSWER......Movement of molecules from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
No energy consumed.
Facilitated Diffusion .......ANSWER......movement of substances
from area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration with assistance of carrier molecule. No energy
consumed.
Cell commonalities .......ANSWER......1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Organelles
4. Exchange material with surroundings
5. Obtain energy from organic nutrients
6. Replicate
,Page 3 of 53
Differentiation .......ANSWER......the process by which cells
become specialized
phospholipid bilayer .......ANSWER......Plasma membrane layers
composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads
facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.
Osmosis .......ANSWER......movements of solvent (i.e. water) from
area of low solute concentration to area of high solute
concentration.
Osmotic Pressure .......ANSWER......The solute concentration is the
determinant of the ability to attract water, which is termed
______________ ______________
higher; results in more water drawn into cell .......ANSWER......The
higher the solute concentration, the ____________ the osmotic
pressure
, Page 4 of 53
osmolarity and osmoloity .......ANSWER......measures of osmotic
activity/pressure
hydrostatic pressure .......ANSWER......created by water pushing
against the cellular membrane, forcing the water out; opposite of
osmotic pressure
oncotic pressure .......ANSWER......The osmotic pressure in the
blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) -->
causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.
Edema .......ANSWER......low albumin levels = low oncotic pressure
= inability to draw water back into cells = ____________
Active transport .......ANSWER......movement from low
concentration to high concentration against a concentration
gradient
-uses carrier molecule
-Energy consumed
