GEOG 3210 Q AND A
BritishvbColumbia'svbPeacevbRegionvb-vbanswer--HomevbtovbDane-
zaavbFirstvbNationsvbofvbTreatyvb8
Signedvbwithvbthevbcrownvbinvb1700
Allowsvbtovbhunt,vbtrapvbandvbusevbland
Invbreturn,vbthevbcrownvbpromisesvbthatvbanyvbdevelopmentvbofvblandvbcanvbbevbcontinuedvb
withoutvbforcedvbinterference
UNvbDeclarationvbonvbthevbRightsvbofvbIndigenousvbPeoplesvb(UNDRIP)vb-vbanswer--
Articlevb29
"Indigenousvbpeoplesvbhavevbthevbrightvbtovbthevbconservationvbandvbprotectionvbofvbthevbe
nvironmentvbandvbthevbproductivevbcapacityvbofvbtheirvblandsvborvbterritoriesvbandvbresourc
es."
IndigenousvbConservationvb-vbanswer--
AlienationvbofvbIndigenousvbpeoplevbfromvblands,vbfoodvbandvbrightsvbforvbconservation
Westernvbsciencevbonlyvbused
Parksvb=vbcolonialismvb→vbnovbregardvbforvbIndigenousvbrightsvbandvbtreaty
ThevbusevbofvbIPCAsvbhasvbshownvbtovbbevbmorevbenvironmentallyvbeffectivevbthanvbtraditi
onalvbwesternvbscience
ParksvbCanadavbisvbmakingvbmorevbinclusivevbconservationvbundervbPathwayvbtovbCanad
avbTargetvb1
AichivbTargetvb11vb(2010vbStrategicvbPlanvbforvbBiodiversityvbadoptedvbbyvbthevbConferenc
evbofvbthevbPartiesvbforvbthevbConventionvbonvbBiologicalvbDiversityvb(CBD):vb-vbanswer--
Byvb2020,vbatvbleastvb17vbpercentvbofvbterrestrialvbandvbinlandvbwatervbareasvbandvb10vbperc
entvbofvbcoastalvbandvbmarinevbareas,vbespeciallyvbareasvbofvbimportancevbforvbbiodiversity
vbandvbecosystemvbservices,vbarevbconservedvbthroughvbeffectivelyvbandvbequitablyvbman
aged,vbecologicallyvbrepresentativevbandvbwell-
connectedvbsystemsvbofvbprotectedvbareasvbandvbothervbeffectivevbarea-
basedvbconservationvbmeasures,vbandvbintegratedvbintovbthevbwidervblandscapevbandvbse
ascape.
CanadavbTargetvb1vb(2020vbBiodiversityvbGoalsvbandvbTargetsvbforvbCanada):vb-
vbanswer--
Byvb2020,vbatvbleastvb17%vbofvbterrestrialvbareasvbandvbinlandvbwater,vbandvb10%vbofvbcoast
alvbandvbmarinevbareas,vbarevbconservedvbthroughvbnetworksvbofvbprotectedvbareasvbandvb
othervbeffectivevbarea-basedvbconservationvbmeasures.
Post-2020vbGlobalvbBiodiversityvbFramework:vb-vbanswer--
Canadavbhasvbrecentlyvbcommunicatedvbitsvbintentionvbtovbprotectvb25vbpercentvbofvbCana
da'svblandvbandvb25vbpercentvbofvbthevbcountry'svboceansvbbyvb2025vbandvbhittingvbthevb30vb
percentvbmarkvbonvbbothvbfrontsvbbyvb2030.
, Whatvbarevbnaturalvbbiomes?vb-vbanswer--
Biomesvbarevbthevbmostvbbasicvbunitvbthatvbecologistsvbusevbtovbdescribevbglobalvbpatternsv
becosystemsvbform,vbprocessvbandvbbiodiversity
AcrossvbthevbPlanet,vbthevbBiospherevbisvbDerivedvbInto?vb-vbanswer--1.vbNaturalvbBiomes
23%vbremainingvbwildvbareasvb(e.g.,vbintactvbareas)
2.vbAnthromes:vbanthropogenicvbbiomesvbandvbnovelvbecosystemsvb(remnantvb"naturalvbe
cosystems"vbembeddedvbwithinvblandscapesvbthatvbarevbdominatedvbbyvbhumanvbactivitie
s):
40%vbUsedvbLandsvb(e.g.,vbcities,vbcropland)
37%vbNovelvbEcosystemsvb(e.g.,vbremnantvbforests)
IUCNvbREDvbLISTvb-vbanswer--
world'svbmostvbcomprehensivevbinventoryvbofvbthevbglobalvbconservationvbstatusvbofvbbiolo
gicalvbspecies
IUCNvbRedvblistvbfactsvb-vbanswer--
>vb40,000vbspeciesvbnowvbatvbriskvbofvbextinctionvb(morevbthanvb27%vbofvballvbassessedvbsp
eciesvbglobally)
784vbspeciesvbarevbextinct
65vbspeciesvbnovblongervbexistvbinvbwild
Taxonomicvbgroups,vbparticularlyvbatvbrisk,vbinclude:
Birdvbspeciesvb13%
Mammalsvb26%
Conifersvb34%
Amphibiansvb41%
4vbMajorvbCausesvbofvbthevbBiodiversityvbCrisisvb-vbanswer--
1.vbAlteration,vbfragmentationvborvbdestructionvbofvbspecies'vbhabitatvbbyvbhumans
2.vbOverexploitationvbofvbspecies,vbincludingvblogging
3.vbIntroductionvbofvbexoticvbspeciesvbintovbecosystemsvbwherevbtheyvbarevbnotvbnative
4.vbGlobalvbclimatevbchange
Climatevbchangevbalonevbmightvbcommitvb15vbtovb37%vbofvbspeciesvbtovbprematurevbextinct
ionvbwithinvbthevbnextvb50vbyears
TvborvbF?vb
Humanityvbinvbthevblongvbtermvbisvbdependentvbonvbthevbmaintenancevbofvbthevbworld'svbbio
diversityvb-vbanswer--True
U.NvbMillenniumvbEcosystemvbAssessmentvb(MEA)vb-vbanswer--4-
yearvbglobalvbeffortvbtovbassessvbthevbstatevbofvbthevbglobalvbenvironment
1300vbscientistsvbfromvb95vbcountries
Resultsvbreleasedvbinvb2004
Warningvbofvbthevbplanet
Provisionvbservicesvb-vbanswer--suchvbasvbfood,vbfuelsvbandvbfibres
Regulatingvbservicesvb-vbanswer--
thatvbaffectvbclimate,vbdiseasevboutbreaks,vbwastevbandvbpollination
BritishvbColumbia'svbPeacevbRegionvb-vbanswer--HomevbtovbDane-
zaavbFirstvbNationsvbofvbTreatyvb8
Signedvbwithvbthevbcrownvbinvb1700
Allowsvbtovbhunt,vbtrapvbandvbusevbland
Invbreturn,vbthevbcrownvbpromisesvbthatvbanyvbdevelopmentvbofvblandvbcanvbbevbcontinuedvb
withoutvbforcedvbinterference
UNvbDeclarationvbonvbthevbRightsvbofvbIndigenousvbPeoplesvb(UNDRIP)vb-vbanswer--
Articlevb29
"Indigenousvbpeoplesvbhavevbthevbrightvbtovbthevbconservationvbandvbprotectionvbofvbthevbe
nvironmentvbandvbthevbproductivevbcapacityvbofvbtheirvblandsvborvbterritoriesvbandvbresourc
es."
IndigenousvbConservationvb-vbanswer--
AlienationvbofvbIndigenousvbpeoplevbfromvblands,vbfoodvbandvbrightsvbforvbconservation
Westernvbsciencevbonlyvbused
Parksvb=vbcolonialismvb→vbnovbregardvbforvbIndigenousvbrightsvbandvbtreaty
ThevbusevbofvbIPCAsvbhasvbshownvbtovbbevbmorevbenvironmentallyvbeffectivevbthanvbtraditi
onalvbwesternvbscience
ParksvbCanadavbisvbmakingvbmorevbinclusivevbconservationvbundervbPathwayvbtovbCanad
avbTargetvb1
AichivbTargetvb11vb(2010vbStrategicvbPlanvbforvbBiodiversityvbadoptedvbbyvbthevbConferenc
evbofvbthevbPartiesvbforvbthevbConventionvbonvbBiologicalvbDiversityvb(CBD):vb-vbanswer--
Byvb2020,vbatvbleastvb17vbpercentvbofvbterrestrialvbandvbinlandvbwatervbareasvbandvb10vbperc
entvbofvbcoastalvbandvbmarinevbareas,vbespeciallyvbareasvbofvbimportancevbforvbbiodiversity
vbandvbecosystemvbservices,vbarevbconservedvbthroughvbeffectivelyvbandvbequitablyvbman
aged,vbecologicallyvbrepresentativevbandvbwell-
connectedvbsystemsvbofvbprotectedvbareasvbandvbothervbeffectivevbarea-
basedvbconservationvbmeasures,vbandvbintegratedvbintovbthevbwidervblandscapevbandvbse
ascape.
CanadavbTargetvb1vb(2020vbBiodiversityvbGoalsvbandvbTargetsvbforvbCanada):vb-
vbanswer--
Byvb2020,vbatvbleastvb17%vbofvbterrestrialvbareasvbandvbinlandvbwater,vbandvb10%vbofvbcoast
alvbandvbmarinevbareas,vbarevbconservedvbthroughvbnetworksvbofvbprotectedvbareasvbandvb
othervbeffectivevbarea-basedvbconservationvbmeasures.
Post-2020vbGlobalvbBiodiversityvbFramework:vb-vbanswer--
Canadavbhasvbrecentlyvbcommunicatedvbitsvbintentionvbtovbprotectvb25vbpercentvbofvbCana
da'svblandvbandvb25vbpercentvbofvbthevbcountry'svboceansvbbyvb2025vbandvbhittingvbthevb30vb
percentvbmarkvbonvbbothvbfrontsvbbyvb2030.
, Whatvbarevbnaturalvbbiomes?vb-vbanswer--
Biomesvbarevbthevbmostvbbasicvbunitvbthatvbecologistsvbusevbtovbdescribevbglobalvbpatternsv
becosystemsvbform,vbprocessvbandvbbiodiversity
AcrossvbthevbPlanet,vbthevbBiospherevbisvbDerivedvbInto?vb-vbanswer--1.vbNaturalvbBiomes
23%vbremainingvbwildvbareasvb(e.g.,vbintactvbareas)
2.vbAnthromes:vbanthropogenicvbbiomesvbandvbnovelvbecosystemsvb(remnantvb"naturalvbe
cosystems"vbembeddedvbwithinvblandscapesvbthatvbarevbdominatedvbbyvbhumanvbactivitie
s):
40%vbUsedvbLandsvb(e.g.,vbcities,vbcropland)
37%vbNovelvbEcosystemsvb(e.g.,vbremnantvbforests)
IUCNvbREDvbLISTvb-vbanswer--
world'svbmostvbcomprehensivevbinventoryvbofvbthevbglobalvbconservationvbstatusvbofvbbiolo
gicalvbspecies
IUCNvbRedvblistvbfactsvb-vbanswer--
>vb40,000vbspeciesvbnowvbatvbriskvbofvbextinctionvb(morevbthanvb27%vbofvballvbassessedvbsp
eciesvbglobally)
784vbspeciesvbarevbextinct
65vbspeciesvbnovblongervbexistvbinvbwild
Taxonomicvbgroups,vbparticularlyvbatvbrisk,vbinclude:
Birdvbspeciesvb13%
Mammalsvb26%
Conifersvb34%
Amphibiansvb41%
4vbMajorvbCausesvbofvbthevbBiodiversityvbCrisisvb-vbanswer--
1.vbAlteration,vbfragmentationvborvbdestructionvbofvbspecies'vbhabitatvbbyvbhumans
2.vbOverexploitationvbofvbspecies,vbincludingvblogging
3.vbIntroductionvbofvbexoticvbspeciesvbintovbecosystemsvbwherevbtheyvbarevbnotvbnative
4.vbGlobalvbclimatevbchange
Climatevbchangevbalonevbmightvbcommitvb15vbtovb37%vbofvbspeciesvbtovbprematurevbextinct
ionvbwithinvbthevbnextvb50vbyears
TvborvbF?vb
Humanityvbinvbthevblongvbtermvbisvbdependentvbonvbthevbmaintenancevbofvbthevbworld'svbbio
diversityvb-vbanswer--True
U.NvbMillenniumvbEcosystemvbAssessmentvb(MEA)vb-vbanswer--4-
yearvbglobalvbeffortvbtovbassessvbthevbstatevbofvbthevbglobalvbenvironment
1300vbscientistsvbfromvb95vbcountries
Resultsvbreleasedvbinvb2004
Warningvbofvbthevbplanet
Provisionvbservicesvb-vbanswer--suchvbasvbfood,vbfuelsvbandvbfibres
Regulatingvbservicesvb-vbanswer--
thatvbaffectvbclimate,vbdiseasevboutbreaks,vbwastevbandvbpollination
