UNIT 1- INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
1. Definition of Computer
A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as input, processes it
according to a set of instructions (program), and produces meaningful information as output.
It can perform calculations, manipulate data, and automate tasks quickly and accurately.
Charles Babbage (1837) invented the Analytical Engine, considered the first concept of a
computer. He is known as the Father of Computers.
Today, computers are a necessary component of modern society, used in education,
business, healthcare, communication, research, and entertainment.
2. Characteristics of Computers
1. Speed: Can process millions of instructions in nanoseconds.
2. Accuracy: Produces correct results; errors occur only due to wrong input/programming.
3. Diligence: Can repeat tasks endlessly without getting tired.
4. Versatility: Performs multiple types of tasks (internet, games, banking, design).
, 5. Storage Capacity: Stores large amounts of data permanently and retrieves it when
needed.
6. Automation: Works automatically once programmed.
7. Connectivity: Can be networked to share data and resources.
8. Security: Data protection is essential, as computers are vulnerable to viruses and
hacking.
3. Computer Hardware and Software
(A) Hardware
Physical, tangible parts of the computer (body).
Examples: CPU, keyboard, mouse, monitor, hard disk, motherboard.
(B) Software
Set of programs and instructions that run on hardware (soul).
Intangible, gives life to hardware.
Types of Software:
1. System Software: Controls hardware and provides base for application software.
Example: Operating System (Windows, Linux, macOS), Utility programs (antivirus, file
management).
2. Application Software: Helps users perform specific tasks.
Example: MS Word, MS Excel, Tally, Photoshop, Browsers.
1. Definition of Computer
A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as input, processes it
according to a set of instructions (program), and produces meaningful information as output.
It can perform calculations, manipulate data, and automate tasks quickly and accurately.
Charles Babbage (1837) invented the Analytical Engine, considered the first concept of a
computer. He is known as the Father of Computers.
Today, computers are a necessary component of modern society, used in education,
business, healthcare, communication, research, and entertainment.
2. Characteristics of Computers
1. Speed: Can process millions of instructions in nanoseconds.
2. Accuracy: Produces correct results; errors occur only due to wrong input/programming.
3. Diligence: Can repeat tasks endlessly without getting tired.
4. Versatility: Performs multiple types of tasks (internet, games, banking, design).
, 5. Storage Capacity: Stores large amounts of data permanently and retrieves it when
needed.
6. Automation: Works automatically once programmed.
7. Connectivity: Can be networked to share data and resources.
8. Security: Data protection is essential, as computers are vulnerable to viruses and
hacking.
3. Computer Hardware and Software
(A) Hardware
Physical, tangible parts of the computer (body).
Examples: CPU, keyboard, mouse, monitor, hard disk, motherboard.
(B) Software
Set of programs and instructions that run on hardware (soul).
Intangible, gives life to hardware.
Types of Software:
1. System Software: Controls hardware and provides base for application software.
Example: Operating System (Windows, Linux, macOS), Utility programs (antivirus, file
management).
2. Application Software: Helps users perform specific tasks.
Example: MS Word, MS Excel, Tally, Photoshop, Browsers.
