Chapter-1 Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Test Bank Plus Chapter Assignment, discussions, answers and Case Study
1. An oncology nurse with 15 years of experience, certification in the area of oncology nursing,
and a master's degree is considered to be an expert in the area of practice. The nurse works on an
oncology unit in a large teaching hospital. Based upon this description, which career role best
describes this nurse's role, taking into account the qualifications and experience?
A. clinical nurse specialist
B. nurse entrepreneur
C. nurse practitioner
D. nurse educator
Answer: A
Rationale: A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse with an advanced degree, education, or
experience who is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of nursing. The clinical nurse
specialist carries out direct client care; consultation; educating clients, families, and staff; and
research. A nurse practitioner has an advanced degree and works in a variety of settings to
deliver primary care. A nurse educator usually has an advanced degree and teaches in the
educational or clinical setting. A nurse entrepreneur may manage a clinic or health-related
business.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 18
2. What guidelines do nurses follow to identify the client's health care needs and strengths, to
establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the
plan to meet established outcomes?
A. Nursing process
B. ANA Standards of Professional Performance
C. Evidence-based practice guidelines
D. Nurse Practice Acts
Answer: A
Rationale: The nursing process is one of the major guidelines for nursing practice and the
profession. Nurses implement their roles through the nursing process. The nursing process is
,used by the nurse to identify the client's health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry
out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet
established outcomes. The American Nurses Association (ANA) develops the general nursing
scope and standards that apply to all nurses. Evidence-based practice guidelines are grounded in
research and direct nursing care. Safe, competent nursing practice is grounded in the law as
written in the state nurse practice act (NPA) and the state rules/regulations.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 21
3. Which organization is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine
whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice?
A. American Nurses Association (ANA)
B. American Association of Colleges in Nursing (AACN)
C. National League for Nursing (NLN)
D. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
Answer: A
Rationale: The ANA's 2021 Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice defines activities that are
specific and unique to nursing. Standards allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as
protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is provided. The
competencies articulated in the Standards describe expected levels of performance that integrate
knowledge, skills, abilities, and judgments. Each nurse is accountable for their own quality of
practice and is responsible for the use of these standards to ensure knowledgeable, safe, and
comprehensive nursing care. The AACN addresses educational standards, while the NLN
promotes and fosters various aspects of nursing. The ICN provides a venue for national nursing
organizations to collaborate, but does not define standards and scope of practice.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 20
4. Which set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle Ages?
A. continuity, caring, critical thinking
B. purpose, direction, leadership
C. assessment, interventions, outcomes
D. advocacy, research, education
Answer: B
,Rationale: During the Middle Ages, nursing began to have a more clearly defined role. Members
of religious orders gave nursing care, nursing orders were founded, and nursing became a
respected vocation. Although the Middle Ages ended in chaos, nursing had developed purpose,
direction, and leadership. All of the other answers include concepts that were not developed until
much later in history, such as the nursing process (assessment, interventions, outcomes) and
continuity, critical thinking, advocacy, and research, all of which were developed in the 20th
century.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 7
5. Who is considered to be the founder of professional nursing?
A. Dorothea Dix
B. Lillian Wald
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Clara Barton
Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered to be the founder of professional nursing. Ms.
Nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of
nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Although the other choices are people who
were important to the development of nursing, none of them is considered the founder. Dorothea
Dix was an American activist on behalf of the people who were indigent and suffered from
mentally illness who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United
States Congress, created the first generation of American mental health institiutions. During the
Civil War, Ms. Dix served as a Superintendent of Army Nurses. Lillian Wald founded the Henry
Street Settlement in New York City and was an early advocate to have nurses in public schools.
Clara Barton was a pioneering nurse who founded the American Red Cross.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 10
6. Which nursing pioneer established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Clara Barton
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Jane Addams
Answer: B
, Rationale: Clara Barton volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during the civil
war, served as the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organized hospitals and
nurses, and established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Dorothea Dix created the first
generation of American mental asylums. Jane Addams was known as the "mother" of social
work. Florence Nightingale was an English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of
modern nursing.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 10
7. Teaching a client about performing a self examination of the skin is an example of what broad
aim of nursing?
A. treating illness
B. preventing illness
C. restoring health
D. facilitating coping
Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses primarily prevent illness by teaching and personal example. Illness prevention
activities focus on avoiding illness or achieving early detection of an illness, such as skin cancer.
Treating illness involves nursing interventions for people who have surgery or are ill. Facilitating
coping is involved with easing transitions to new states of being. Restoring health involves
helping clients return to a former level of health after experiencing an illness or injury.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 15
8. A nurse practitioner is caring for a couple who are the parents of an infant diagnosed with
Down syndrome. The nurse makes referrals for a parent support group for the family. This is an
example of which nursing role?
A. teacher/educator
B. leader
C. counselor
D. collaborator
Answer: C
Test Bank Plus Chapter Assignment, discussions, answers and Case Study
1. An oncology nurse with 15 years of experience, certification in the area of oncology nursing,
and a master's degree is considered to be an expert in the area of practice. The nurse works on an
oncology unit in a large teaching hospital. Based upon this description, which career role best
describes this nurse's role, taking into account the qualifications and experience?
A. clinical nurse specialist
B. nurse entrepreneur
C. nurse practitioner
D. nurse educator
Answer: A
Rationale: A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse with an advanced degree, education, or
experience who is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of nursing. The clinical nurse
specialist carries out direct client care; consultation; educating clients, families, and staff; and
research. A nurse practitioner has an advanced degree and works in a variety of settings to
deliver primary care. A nurse educator usually has an advanced degree and teaches in the
educational or clinical setting. A nurse entrepreneur may manage a clinic or health-related
business.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 18
2. What guidelines do nurses follow to identify the client's health care needs and strengths, to
establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the
plan to meet established outcomes?
A. Nursing process
B. ANA Standards of Professional Performance
C. Evidence-based practice guidelines
D. Nurse Practice Acts
Answer: A
Rationale: The nursing process is one of the major guidelines for nursing practice and the
profession. Nurses implement their roles through the nursing process. The nursing process is
,used by the nurse to identify the client's health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry
out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet
established outcomes. The American Nurses Association (ANA) develops the general nursing
scope and standards that apply to all nurses. Evidence-based practice guidelines are grounded in
research and direct nursing care. Safe, competent nursing practice is grounded in the law as
written in the state nurse practice act (NPA) and the state rules/regulations.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 21
3. Which organization is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine
whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice?
A. American Nurses Association (ANA)
B. American Association of Colleges in Nursing (AACN)
C. National League for Nursing (NLN)
D. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
Answer: A
Rationale: The ANA's 2021 Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice defines activities that are
specific and unique to nursing. Standards allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as
protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is provided. The
competencies articulated in the Standards describe expected levels of performance that integrate
knowledge, skills, abilities, and judgments. Each nurse is accountable for their own quality of
practice and is responsible for the use of these standards to ensure knowledgeable, safe, and
comprehensive nursing care. The AACN addresses educational standards, while the NLN
promotes and fosters various aspects of nursing. The ICN provides a venue for national nursing
organizations to collaborate, but does not define standards and scope of practice.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 20
4. Which set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle Ages?
A. continuity, caring, critical thinking
B. purpose, direction, leadership
C. assessment, interventions, outcomes
D. advocacy, research, education
Answer: B
,Rationale: During the Middle Ages, nursing began to have a more clearly defined role. Members
of religious orders gave nursing care, nursing orders were founded, and nursing became a
respected vocation. Although the Middle Ages ended in chaos, nursing had developed purpose,
direction, and leadership. All of the other answers include concepts that were not developed until
much later in history, such as the nursing process (assessment, interventions, outcomes) and
continuity, critical thinking, advocacy, and research, all of which were developed in the 20th
century.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 7
5. Who is considered to be the founder of professional nursing?
A. Dorothea Dix
B. Lillian Wald
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Clara Barton
Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered to be the founder of professional nursing. Ms.
Nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of
nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Although the other choices are people who
were important to the development of nursing, none of them is considered the founder. Dorothea
Dix was an American activist on behalf of the people who were indigent and suffered from
mentally illness who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United
States Congress, created the first generation of American mental health institiutions. During the
Civil War, Ms. Dix served as a Superintendent of Army Nurses. Lillian Wald founded the Henry
Street Settlement in New York City and was an early advocate to have nurses in public schools.
Clara Barton was a pioneering nurse who founded the American Red Cross.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 10
6. Which nursing pioneer established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Clara Barton
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Jane Addams
Answer: B
, Rationale: Clara Barton volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during the civil
war, served as the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organized hospitals and
nurses, and established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Dorothea Dix created the first
generation of American mental asylums. Jane Addams was known as the "mother" of social
work. Florence Nightingale was an English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of
modern nursing.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 10
7. Teaching a client about performing a self examination of the skin is an example of what broad
aim of nursing?
A. treating illness
B. preventing illness
C. restoring health
D. facilitating coping
Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses primarily prevent illness by teaching and personal example. Illness prevention
activities focus on avoiding illness or achieving early detection of an illness, such as skin cancer.
Treating illness involves nursing interventions for people who have surgery or are ill. Facilitating
coping is involved with easing transitions to new states of being. Restoring health involves
helping clients return to a former level of health after experiencing an illness or injury.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 15
8. A nurse practitioner is caring for a couple who are the parents of an infant diagnosed with
Down syndrome. The nurse makes referrals for a parent support group for the family. This is an
example of which nursing role?
A. teacher/educator
B. leader
C. counselor
D. collaborator
Answer: C
