Chapter-2 Theory Research and Evidence Based-Practice
Test Bank Plus Chapter Assignment, discussions, answers and Case Study
1. After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites
the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the
nurse use in this situation?
A. Scientific knowledge
B. Traditional knowledge
C. Authoritative knowledge
D. Philosophical knowledge
Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical nurse specialist utilized scientific knowledge, which is gained through the
research-based scientific method. Philosophical knowledge is not a source of nursing knowledge, but is a
type of general knowledge. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based
upon the person's perceived expertise. Traditional knowledge is that part of nursing practice passed down
from generation to generation and is not based upon scientific inquiry.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 33
2. A nurse researcher is studying perceptions of vocational rehabilitation for clients after a spinal cord
injury. What type of research method will be used to study the perceptions of this group of individuals?
A. Qualitative research
B. Quantitative research
C. Basic research
D. Applied research
Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse researcher will use qualitative research methods to investigate perceptions, and the
researcher will analyze words instead of numbers, which are analyzed in quantitative research. Basic and
applied research are quantitative research methods which use computational, statistical, and mathematical
tools to derive results.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 40
,3. A nurse is reading a qualitative study that focuses on nursing events of the past in an attempt to
increase understanding of the nursing profession today. What method of qualitative research is used in
this article?
A. Historical
B. Phenomenology
C. Grounded theory
D. Ethnography
Answer: A
Rationale: This article uses historical methodology, which examines events of the past to increase
understanding of the nursing profession today. Phenomenology is used to describe experiences as they are
lived by the subjects being studied. Grounded theory is the discovery of how people describe their own
reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene. Ethnography is used to examine
issues of a culture that are of interest to nursing.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 41
4. Nursing as a profession has found it difficult for many years to establish recognition for contributions
to health care. What explanation should be provided for this dilemma?
A. The conceptual and theoretical bases for nursing practice came from outside the nursing profession.
B. Nurses were too busy working to increase public awareness associated with the role of the nurse.
C. Nurses were taught in an established educational curriculum taught by other nurses.
D. Nurses were independent and did not work collaboratively with others.
Answer: A
Rationale: Despite Florence Nightingale's belief in the uniqueness of nursing, the training of nurses was
initially carried out under the direction and control of the medical profession. Because the conceptual and
theoretical basis for nursing practice came from outside the profession, nursing struggled for years to
establish its own identify and to receive recognition for its significant contributions to health care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 33
5. An obstetrical nurse wishes to identify whether clients' perceptions of a high level of support from their
partner is associated with a decreased length of the second stage of labor. Which type of quantitative
research is most appropriate for this research question?
A. Correlational research
B. Descriptive research
C. Quasi-experimental research
D. Experimental research
Answer: A
,Rationale: Correlational quantitative research is used to examine relationships between two or more
variables. In this case, the variables are perceptions of partner support and length of Stage 2 labor. There
is no manipulation of the variables as there would be in an experimental or quasi-experimental study. The
focus on the relationship between the two variables goes beyond simple description of events.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 40
6. Nurse researchers have predicted that a newly created mentorship program will result in decreased
absenteeism, increased retention, and decreased attrition among a hospital's nursing staff. What does this
predicted relationship represent?
A. Hypothesis
B. Dependent variable
C. Abstract
D. Methodology
Answer: A
Rationale: A hypothesis is an expected statement of the relationship between variables in a study. In this
study, the dependent variables are absenteeism, retention, and attrition while the independent variable is
the mentorship program. The methodology of a study is the logistical framework that guides the planning
and execution of the study. An abstract is a summary of a research study published in a journal.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 39
7. What phrase best describes the science of nursing?
A. Application of clinical skills
B. Body of nursing knowledge
C. Holistic client care
D. Art of individualized nursing
Answer: B
Rationale: The body of knowledge, called a knowledge base or the science of nursing, provides the
rationale for nursing interventions in clinical nursing practice. The science of nursing provides the nurse
with the knowledge and skills to provide individualized and holistic client care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 31
, 8. The practice of changing clients' bedclothes each day in acute care settings is an example of what type
of knowledge?
A. Authoritative
B. Traditional
C. Scientific
D. Applied
Answer: B
Rationale: Changing bedclothes daily in acute care settings is an example of traditional knowledge. The
practice is not based on research findings, but is rather a part of nursing practice passed down from
generation to generation. Authoritative practice is based on policies and procedures of the health care
institutions. Scientific practice is based on evidence-based practice grounded in research. Applied practice
is not used in nursing.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 31
9. Which source of knowledge is based on objective data?
A. Authoritative
B. Traditional
C. Scientific
D. Applied
Answer: C
Rationale: Both traditional and authoritative knowledge are practical to implement but are often based on
subjective data, limiting their usefulness in a wide variety of practice settings. For this reason, nurses
increasingly focus on scientific knowledge or objective knowledge to provide care, commonly called
evidence-based practice. Applied is not a source of knowledge but refers to the application of knowledge.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 33
10. What statement most accurately describes Florence Nightingale's influence on nursing knowledge?
A. Nightingale defined nursing practice as the continuation of medical practice.
B. Nightingale differentiated between health nursing and illness nursing.
C. Nightingale established training for nurses with a curriculum designed by nurses.
D. Nightingale established a theoretical base for nursing that originated from medical practice.
Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale influenced nursing knowledge and practice by differentiating between health
nursing and illness nursing. Nightingale defined nursing practice as separate and distinct from medical
Test Bank Plus Chapter Assignment, discussions, answers and Case Study
1. After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites
the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the
nurse use in this situation?
A. Scientific knowledge
B. Traditional knowledge
C. Authoritative knowledge
D. Philosophical knowledge
Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical nurse specialist utilized scientific knowledge, which is gained through the
research-based scientific method. Philosophical knowledge is not a source of nursing knowledge, but is a
type of general knowledge. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based
upon the person's perceived expertise. Traditional knowledge is that part of nursing practice passed down
from generation to generation and is not based upon scientific inquiry.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 33
2. A nurse researcher is studying perceptions of vocational rehabilitation for clients after a spinal cord
injury. What type of research method will be used to study the perceptions of this group of individuals?
A. Qualitative research
B. Quantitative research
C. Basic research
D. Applied research
Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse researcher will use qualitative research methods to investigate perceptions, and the
researcher will analyze words instead of numbers, which are analyzed in quantitative research. Basic and
applied research are quantitative research methods which use computational, statistical, and mathematical
tools to derive results.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 40
,3. A nurse is reading a qualitative study that focuses on nursing events of the past in an attempt to
increase understanding of the nursing profession today. What method of qualitative research is used in
this article?
A. Historical
B. Phenomenology
C. Grounded theory
D. Ethnography
Answer: A
Rationale: This article uses historical methodology, which examines events of the past to increase
understanding of the nursing profession today. Phenomenology is used to describe experiences as they are
lived by the subjects being studied. Grounded theory is the discovery of how people describe their own
reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene. Ethnography is used to examine
issues of a culture that are of interest to nursing.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 41
4. Nursing as a profession has found it difficult for many years to establish recognition for contributions
to health care. What explanation should be provided for this dilemma?
A. The conceptual and theoretical bases for nursing practice came from outside the nursing profession.
B. Nurses were too busy working to increase public awareness associated with the role of the nurse.
C. Nurses were taught in an established educational curriculum taught by other nurses.
D. Nurses were independent and did not work collaboratively with others.
Answer: A
Rationale: Despite Florence Nightingale's belief in the uniqueness of nursing, the training of nurses was
initially carried out under the direction and control of the medical profession. Because the conceptual and
theoretical basis for nursing practice came from outside the profession, nursing struggled for years to
establish its own identify and to receive recognition for its significant contributions to health care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 33
5. An obstetrical nurse wishes to identify whether clients' perceptions of a high level of support from their
partner is associated with a decreased length of the second stage of labor. Which type of quantitative
research is most appropriate for this research question?
A. Correlational research
B. Descriptive research
C. Quasi-experimental research
D. Experimental research
Answer: A
,Rationale: Correlational quantitative research is used to examine relationships between two or more
variables. In this case, the variables are perceptions of partner support and length of Stage 2 labor. There
is no manipulation of the variables as there would be in an experimental or quasi-experimental study. The
focus on the relationship between the two variables goes beyond simple description of events.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 40
6. Nurse researchers have predicted that a newly created mentorship program will result in decreased
absenteeism, increased retention, and decreased attrition among a hospital's nursing staff. What does this
predicted relationship represent?
A. Hypothesis
B. Dependent variable
C. Abstract
D. Methodology
Answer: A
Rationale: A hypothesis is an expected statement of the relationship between variables in a study. In this
study, the dependent variables are absenteeism, retention, and attrition while the independent variable is
the mentorship program. The methodology of a study is the logistical framework that guides the planning
and execution of the study. An abstract is a summary of a research study published in a journal.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 39
7. What phrase best describes the science of nursing?
A. Application of clinical skills
B. Body of nursing knowledge
C. Holistic client care
D. Art of individualized nursing
Answer: B
Rationale: The body of knowledge, called a knowledge base or the science of nursing, provides the
rationale for nursing interventions in clinical nursing practice. The science of nursing provides the nurse
with the knowledge and skills to provide individualized and holistic client care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 31
, 8. The practice of changing clients' bedclothes each day in acute care settings is an example of what type
of knowledge?
A. Authoritative
B. Traditional
C. Scientific
D. Applied
Answer: B
Rationale: Changing bedclothes daily in acute care settings is an example of traditional knowledge. The
practice is not based on research findings, but is rather a part of nursing practice passed down from
generation to generation. Authoritative practice is based on policies and procedures of the health care
institutions. Scientific practice is based on evidence-based practice grounded in research. Applied practice
is not used in nursing.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 31
9. Which source of knowledge is based on objective data?
A. Authoritative
B. Traditional
C. Scientific
D. Applied
Answer: C
Rationale: Both traditional and authoritative knowledge are practical to implement but are often based on
subjective data, limiting their usefulness in a wide variety of practice settings. For this reason, nurses
increasingly focus on scientific knowledge or objective knowledge to provide care, commonly called
evidence-based practice. Applied is not a source of knowledge but refers to the application of knowledge.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Level: Understand
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 33
10. What statement most accurately describes Florence Nightingale's influence on nursing knowledge?
A. Nightingale defined nursing practice as the continuation of medical practice.
B. Nightingale differentiated between health nursing and illness nursing.
C. Nightingale established training for nurses with a curriculum designed by nurses.
D. Nightingale established a theoretical base for nursing that originated from medical practice.
Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale influenced nursing knowledge and practice by differentiating between health
nursing and illness nursing. Nightingale defined nursing practice as separate and distinct from medical
