NR 228 FINAL EXAM REAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS| AGRADE|CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
Which of the following macronutrients is the body's primary source of
energy?
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals
Correct Answer: C) Carbohydrates
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's preferred and most readily available
source of energy, particularly for the brain and muscles.
Question 2
A nurse is calculating the total kilocalories for a meal containing 45g of
carbohydrates, 20g of protein, and 15g of fat. How many kilocalories does
this meal provide?
A) 365 kcal
B) 415 kcal
C) 485 kcal
D) 525 kcal
E) 605 kcal
Correct Answer: C) 485 kcal
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g, proteins provide 4 kcal/g, and fats
provide 9 kcal/g. Calculation: (45g CHO * 4 kcal/g) + (20g protein * 4 kcal/g)
+ (15g fat * 9 kcal/g) = 180 + 80 + 135 = 485 kcal.[
,Question 3
Which vitamin is crucial for the prevention of neural tube defects during
pregnancy?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Folic Acid (Folate)
D) Vitamin B12
E) Vitamin A
Correct Answer: C) Folic Acid (Folate)
Rationale: Adequate folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy is
critical to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus.
Question 4
A client with celiac disease must avoid foods containing which of the
following?
A) Lactose
B) Fructose
C) Gluten
D) Sucrose
E) Casein
Correct Answer: C) Gluten
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the
ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Therefore,
clients with celiac disease must adhere to a strict gluten-free diet.[
, Question 5
A nurse is providing dietary education to a client with a new diagnosis of
hypertension. Which diet plan should the nurse recommend?
A) Ketogenic diet
B) Mediterranean diet
C) DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
D) Atkins diet
E) Vegan diet
Correct Answer: C) DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
Rationale: The DASH diet is specifically designed to lower blood pressure and
is recommended for clients with hypertension. It emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy while limiting
saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium.
Question 6
Which of the following food sources is considered a complete protein?
A) Lentils
B) Peanut butter
C) Quinoa
D) Rice
E) Corn
Correct Answer: C) Quinoa
Rationale: Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids. While
most plant-based foods are incomplete, quinoa is one of the few plant-based
ANSWERS| AGRADE|CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
Which of the following macronutrients is the body's primary source of
energy?
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals
Correct Answer: C) Carbohydrates
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's preferred and most readily available
source of energy, particularly for the brain and muscles.
Question 2
A nurse is calculating the total kilocalories for a meal containing 45g of
carbohydrates, 20g of protein, and 15g of fat. How many kilocalories does
this meal provide?
A) 365 kcal
B) 415 kcal
C) 485 kcal
D) 525 kcal
E) 605 kcal
Correct Answer: C) 485 kcal
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g, proteins provide 4 kcal/g, and fats
provide 9 kcal/g. Calculation: (45g CHO * 4 kcal/g) + (20g protein * 4 kcal/g)
+ (15g fat * 9 kcal/g) = 180 + 80 + 135 = 485 kcal.[
,Question 3
Which vitamin is crucial for the prevention of neural tube defects during
pregnancy?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Folic Acid (Folate)
D) Vitamin B12
E) Vitamin A
Correct Answer: C) Folic Acid (Folate)
Rationale: Adequate folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy is
critical to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus.
Question 4
A client with celiac disease must avoid foods containing which of the
following?
A) Lactose
B) Fructose
C) Gluten
D) Sucrose
E) Casein
Correct Answer: C) Gluten
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the
ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Therefore,
clients with celiac disease must adhere to a strict gluten-free diet.[
, Question 5
A nurse is providing dietary education to a client with a new diagnosis of
hypertension. Which diet plan should the nurse recommend?
A) Ketogenic diet
B) Mediterranean diet
C) DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
D) Atkins diet
E) Vegan diet
Correct Answer: C) DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
Rationale: The DASH diet is specifically designed to lower blood pressure and
is recommended for clients with hypertension. It emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy while limiting
saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium.
Question 6
Which of the following food sources is considered a complete protein?
A) Lentils
B) Peanut butter
C) Quinoa
D) Rice
E) Corn
Correct Answer: C) Quinoa
Rationale: Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids. While
most plant-based foods are incomplete, quinoa is one of the few plant-based
