BIMM 134 Final Exam questions and
answers rated A+
What are the key characteristics and cell types associated with innate immunity? - correct
answer ✔✔ Cell types include:
1. Natural killer (NK) cells
2. Macrophages
Characteristics:
1. Non antigen-specific
2. Immediate response
What are the key characteristics and cell types associated with acquired immunity? - correct
answer ✔✔ Cell types:
1. B-lymphocytes
2. T-lymphocytes
Characteristics:
1. Antigen specific
Describe the difference between the two major classes of macrophages - correct answer ✔✔
Class M1 Macrophages
1. repress tumor development
Class M2 Macrophages
1. converted from monocytes by cancer cells
,2. enhance tumor growth
3. TAMs (tumor associated macrophages
What are natural killer cells? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. lymphocytes involved in innate immunity
2. immediate removal of viral particles
Describe how expression of MHC class I molecules and stress molecules are used to control NK
responses - correct answer ✔✔ MHC class I molecules
1. normal, healthy cells express MHC class I, inhibiting NK cell attack
2. no MHC I lead to NK cell-mediated death
Stress molecules
1. up-regulation of stress-induced ligand leads to NK cell-mediated death
What is the mechanism by which cancer cells evade NK attack? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. down-
regulation of MHC class 1, leads to the increase in killing of healthy cells
2. down-regulates stress ligand, leading to a decrease in NK cell-mediated death in cancer cells
Describe the humoral branch of the immune system and the primary and secondary immune
response - correct answer ✔✔ The humoral branch of the immune system involves acquired
immunity and the use of B-lymphocytes
Primary immune response
1. B-cells directly bind to the antigen
Secondary immune response
1. B-cells secrete antibody that attacks target cell
, What are T-Helper (CD4+) cells? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Bind to the MHC II antigen presenting
cells
2. help with the activation of both the innate and acquired immune system
3. Destroyed by HIV, effecting entire immune system
What are T-reg cells? - correct answer ✔✔ T-reg cells are immunosuppressive and tumor
promoting
What are cytotoxic T-cell? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. binds to the target (cancer cells) and induces
apoptosis using FAS-L binding to FAS receptor on cancer cell (intrinsic)
2. releases perforin and granzyme B to activated apoptotic pathways (extrinsic)
What are APCs? - correct answer ✔✔ APCs are antigen presenting cells dendritic cells, or
macrophages that present tumor antigen with MHC I antigen to T cells
How are cytotoxic T-cells activated and how do they normally function? - correct answer ✔✔
APCs
1. activates cytotoxic T-cell
2. MHC I antigen complex binds to T-cell receptor
3. B7 ligand on APC binds to CD28 (co-stimulatory) on T-cell, fully activating T-cell
4. B7 ligand on APC also binds to CTLA-4 on T-cell and inhibits function of the T-cell (checkpoint)
Tumor cells
1. Tumor cells express PD-L1 and binds to T-cell via PD-1, inhibiting T-cell response (checkpoint),
inactivating P13k kinase pathway and increases PTEN
What cancer is associated with the Epstein-Barr Virus? - correct answer ✔✔ Burkitt's lymphoma
answers rated A+
What are the key characteristics and cell types associated with innate immunity? - correct
answer ✔✔ Cell types include:
1. Natural killer (NK) cells
2. Macrophages
Characteristics:
1. Non antigen-specific
2. Immediate response
What are the key characteristics and cell types associated with acquired immunity? - correct
answer ✔✔ Cell types:
1. B-lymphocytes
2. T-lymphocytes
Characteristics:
1. Antigen specific
Describe the difference between the two major classes of macrophages - correct answer ✔✔
Class M1 Macrophages
1. repress tumor development
Class M2 Macrophages
1. converted from monocytes by cancer cells
,2. enhance tumor growth
3. TAMs (tumor associated macrophages
What are natural killer cells? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. lymphocytes involved in innate immunity
2. immediate removal of viral particles
Describe how expression of MHC class I molecules and stress molecules are used to control NK
responses - correct answer ✔✔ MHC class I molecules
1. normal, healthy cells express MHC class I, inhibiting NK cell attack
2. no MHC I lead to NK cell-mediated death
Stress molecules
1. up-regulation of stress-induced ligand leads to NK cell-mediated death
What is the mechanism by which cancer cells evade NK attack? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. down-
regulation of MHC class 1, leads to the increase in killing of healthy cells
2. down-regulates stress ligand, leading to a decrease in NK cell-mediated death in cancer cells
Describe the humoral branch of the immune system and the primary and secondary immune
response - correct answer ✔✔ The humoral branch of the immune system involves acquired
immunity and the use of B-lymphocytes
Primary immune response
1. B-cells directly bind to the antigen
Secondary immune response
1. B-cells secrete antibody that attacks target cell
, What are T-Helper (CD4+) cells? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Bind to the MHC II antigen presenting
cells
2. help with the activation of both the innate and acquired immune system
3. Destroyed by HIV, effecting entire immune system
What are T-reg cells? - correct answer ✔✔ T-reg cells are immunosuppressive and tumor
promoting
What are cytotoxic T-cell? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. binds to the target (cancer cells) and induces
apoptosis using FAS-L binding to FAS receptor on cancer cell (intrinsic)
2. releases perforin and granzyme B to activated apoptotic pathways (extrinsic)
What are APCs? - correct answer ✔✔ APCs are antigen presenting cells dendritic cells, or
macrophages that present tumor antigen with MHC I antigen to T cells
How are cytotoxic T-cells activated and how do they normally function? - correct answer ✔✔
APCs
1. activates cytotoxic T-cell
2. MHC I antigen complex binds to T-cell receptor
3. B7 ligand on APC binds to CD28 (co-stimulatory) on T-cell, fully activating T-cell
4. B7 ligand on APC also binds to CTLA-4 on T-cell and inhibits function of the T-cell (checkpoint)
Tumor cells
1. Tumor cells express PD-L1 and binds to T-cell via PD-1, inhibiting T-cell response (checkpoint),
inactivating P13k kinase pathway and increases PTEN
What cancer is associated with the Epstein-Barr Virus? - correct answer ✔✔ Burkitt's lymphoma
