BIO 200 TEST 1 – POULIN QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What does evolution mean? - Correct Answers -Change over time
conservation biology - Correct Answers -The integrated study of ecology, evolutionary
biology, physiology, molecular biology, and genetics to sustain biological diversity at all
levels
protoplanetary disk - Correct Answers -a large rotating cloud of dust, rocks, and gas
what did the protoplanetary disk consist of? - Correct Answers -it was composed of
hydrogen and helium, which composed from the Big Bang
Nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium led to what? - Correct Answers -The formation of
the sun
what are time scales? - Correct Answers -the history of the planet
precambrian supereon - Correct Answers -4.6 bya - 543 mya
paleozoic era - Correct Answers -543 mya - 250 mya
meszoic era - Correct Answers -250 mya - 65 mya
cenzoic era - Correct Answers -65 mya - now
hadean eon (hell eon) - Correct Answers -oldest precambrian supereon, no ocean, no
oxygen, earth was bombarded by planetoids, which caused the planet to be fully molten
late hadeon - Correct Answers -earth surface cools, but from bombardment we see
cracks, these cracks released steam and gases (volcanoes played a part too) , which
formed an atmosphere, then clouds were formed, which led to rain, which led to oceans
When did the hadean eon end? - Correct Answers -Between 4.3 and 3.8 bya
unicellular organism - Correct Answers -A single celled organism
,Multicellular organisms - Correct Answers -Organism made up of many cells
Cyanobacterial mats / stromatolites - Correct Answers -Community consisting of
photosynthetic cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms that also fix nitrogen. They form
layers/columns
Bacterial fossils is associated with? - Correct Answers -Cyanobacterial mats
Archean fossils - Correct Answers -both representatives of the major branches of the
tree of life, the bacteria and the archea
early multicellular organisms - Correct Answers -a billion years ago multicellular
organisms arises, paleontologists set the appearance of multicellular organism when
they see hard shell life
The Paleozoic Era - Correct Answers -543-250 mya, hard shell organisms, trilobites
very common, arcaeocyathids, sees first land plants and animals
What did the Paleozoic era end with? - Correct Answers -The permian, 96% of all life
forms go extinct, 70% terrestrial vertebrates go extinct, only known mass extinction of
insects
The Cambrian explosions - Correct Answers -the rapid appearance of most major
animal phyla, probably not such a big bang
The Mesozoic Era - Correct Answers -Age of reptiles, 250-65 mya, mammals first seen
200M years ago
What did the Mesozoic Era end with? - Correct Answers -It ended with the K-T
extinction
K-T boundary - Correct Answers -layer of iridium-rich material between rocks of the
Cretaceous period and rocks of the Paleogene period that provides evidence of a
meteorite impact
The cenozoic era - Correct Answers -Age of mammals, 65 MYA to now, appearance of
first humans
Geologic clocks - Correct Answers -Helps us visualize the passage of time, the
formation of earth like a 12 hour clock
Panspermia - Correct Answers -a theory that life did not originate on Earth but arrived in
the form of bacterial spores or viruses from an extraterrestrial source
What is life? - Correct Answers -It has two characteristics: organized & replicates itself.
, What was earth like 3.8 bya? - Correct Answers -it was molten rock, no free oxygen,
high energy environment
What was the first step to forming life? - Correct Answers -Abiotic synthesis of organic
materials (organic chemical compounds):
Miller-Urey Experiment - Correct Answers -Two scientists attempted to reproduce the
condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They
produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides) , within a
week: amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, lipids, ATP
What is step two to forming life? - Correct Answers -Formation of Polymers: amino
acids have to become proteins, they need to become chains, they think clay may have
formed chains bc of positive charge
What is step three to forming life? - Correct Answers -Formation of protobionts: made
out of hydrophilic lipid head, hydrophobic tails, they can form a lipid bilayer, or lipizome
What is part four to forming life? - Correct Answers -Origin of hereditary material: the
first life probably existed in a RNA
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (1) - Correct Answers -Easily forms abiotically
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (2) - Correct Answers -Can replicate itself
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (3) - Correct Answers -Has hereditary
information
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (4) - Correct Answers -Has catalytic properties
What are clues to the RNA world? - Correct Answers -Viroids
How do things become living? - Correct Answers -We have no idea
Morganucodon watsoni - Correct Answers -inch long mammal who shared
characteristics similar to those of a weasel.meozoic era
Divine Creation - Correct Answers -a supreme being created the earth, organisms
function the way the divine creator wants them to, species do not change
Anaximander - Correct Answers -He believed all organisms came from common
ancestors or they had common descent, he also believed in transmission of species
transmutation of species - Correct Answers -view that species can change and give rise
to new species
AND ANSWERS
What does evolution mean? - Correct Answers -Change over time
conservation biology - Correct Answers -The integrated study of ecology, evolutionary
biology, physiology, molecular biology, and genetics to sustain biological diversity at all
levels
protoplanetary disk - Correct Answers -a large rotating cloud of dust, rocks, and gas
what did the protoplanetary disk consist of? - Correct Answers -it was composed of
hydrogen and helium, which composed from the Big Bang
Nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium led to what? - Correct Answers -The formation of
the sun
what are time scales? - Correct Answers -the history of the planet
precambrian supereon - Correct Answers -4.6 bya - 543 mya
paleozoic era - Correct Answers -543 mya - 250 mya
meszoic era - Correct Answers -250 mya - 65 mya
cenzoic era - Correct Answers -65 mya - now
hadean eon (hell eon) - Correct Answers -oldest precambrian supereon, no ocean, no
oxygen, earth was bombarded by planetoids, which caused the planet to be fully molten
late hadeon - Correct Answers -earth surface cools, but from bombardment we see
cracks, these cracks released steam and gases (volcanoes played a part too) , which
formed an atmosphere, then clouds were formed, which led to rain, which led to oceans
When did the hadean eon end? - Correct Answers -Between 4.3 and 3.8 bya
unicellular organism - Correct Answers -A single celled organism
,Multicellular organisms - Correct Answers -Organism made up of many cells
Cyanobacterial mats / stromatolites - Correct Answers -Community consisting of
photosynthetic cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms that also fix nitrogen. They form
layers/columns
Bacterial fossils is associated with? - Correct Answers -Cyanobacterial mats
Archean fossils - Correct Answers -both representatives of the major branches of the
tree of life, the bacteria and the archea
early multicellular organisms - Correct Answers -a billion years ago multicellular
organisms arises, paleontologists set the appearance of multicellular organism when
they see hard shell life
The Paleozoic Era - Correct Answers -543-250 mya, hard shell organisms, trilobites
very common, arcaeocyathids, sees first land plants and animals
What did the Paleozoic era end with? - Correct Answers -The permian, 96% of all life
forms go extinct, 70% terrestrial vertebrates go extinct, only known mass extinction of
insects
The Cambrian explosions - Correct Answers -the rapid appearance of most major
animal phyla, probably not such a big bang
The Mesozoic Era - Correct Answers -Age of reptiles, 250-65 mya, mammals first seen
200M years ago
What did the Mesozoic Era end with? - Correct Answers -It ended with the K-T
extinction
K-T boundary - Correct Answers -layer of iridium-rich material between rocks of the
Cretaceous period and rocks of the Paleogene period that provides evidence of a
meteorite impact
The cenozoic era - Correct Answers -Age of mammals, 65 MYA to now, appearance of
first humans
Geologic clocks - Correct Answers -Helps us visualize the passage of time, the
formation of earth like a 12 hour clock
Panspermia - Correct Answers -a theory that life did not originate on Earth but arrived in
the form of bacterial spores or viruses from an extraterrestrial source
What is life? - Correct Answers -It has two characteristics: organized & replicates itself.
, What was earth like 3.8 bya? - Correct Answers -it was molten rock, no free oxygen,
high energy environment
What was the first step to forming life? - Correct Answers -Abiotic synthesis of organic
materials (organic chemical compounds):
Miller-Urey Experiment - Correct Answers -Two scientists attempted to reproduce the
condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They
produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides) , within a
week: amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, lipids, ATP
What is step two to forming life? - Correct Answers -Formation of Polymers: amino
acids have to become proteins, they need to become chains, they think clay may have
formed chains bc of positive charge
What is step three to forming life? - Correct Answers -Formation of protobionts: made
out of hydrophilic lipid head, hydrophobic tails, they can form a lipid bilayer, or lipizome
What is part four to forming life? - Correct Answers -Origin of hereditary material: the
first life probably existed in a RNA
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (1) - Correct Answers -Easily forms abiotically
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (2) - Correct Answers -Can replicate itself
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (3) - Correct Answers -Has hereditary
information
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (4) - Correct Answers -Has catalytic properties
What are clues to the RNA world? - Correct Answers -Viroids
How do things become living? - Correct Answers -We have no idea
Morganucodon watsoni - Correct Answers -inch long mammal who shared
characteristics similar to those of a weasel.meozoic era
Divine Creation - Correct Answers -a supreme being created the earth, organisms
function the way the divine creator wants them to, species do not change
Anaximander - Correct Answers -He believed all organisms came from common
ancestors or they had common descent, he also believed in transmission of species
transmutation of species - Correct Answers -view that species can change and give rise
to new species
