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NUR 445/NURS 445 EXAM 2 TEST BANK NEWEST
2025/ 2026 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
A+||LATEST EXAM!!!
What is the definition of affinity? - Answer-the attraction
between Hgb and O2
What does Hgb have an affinity to? - Answer-Hgb has an
attraction for O2 molecules
What does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
represent? - Answer-relationship between PaO2 and
SaO2
What is PaO2? - Answer-partial pressure of arterial O2
(arterial O2 tension)
What is SaO2? - Answer-Hgb saturation
What does P50 represent? - Answer-measures when Hgb
is 50% saturated with O2
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When does the P50 change? - Answer-when physiologic
factors are altered
What does a left shift on the dissociation curve do to the
affinity of O2 to hemoglobin? - Answer-increases affinity =
prevents release to tissues
What does a right shift on the dissociation curve do to the
affinity of O2 to hemoglobin? - Answer-decreases affinity =
readily release to tissues
What causes a left shift on the dissociation curve? -
Answer-alkalosis, hypothermia, hypocapnia, decreased
2,3 DPG
What causes a right shift on the dissociation curve? -
Answer-acidosis, hyperthermia, hypercapnia, increased
2,3-DPG
What are three components of oxygenation? - Answer-
pulmonary gas exchange, O2 delivery, O2 consumption
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What 2 problems in oxygenation does the nurse assess
for and intervene? - Answer-decreased O2 supply,
increased O2 demand
What is the definition of oxygenation? - Answer-the use of
O2 for energy through aerobic metabolism
What are the two goals in the assessment of oxygenation?
- Answer-to determine the overall adequacy of
oxygenation and to determine which component of
oxygenation dysfunction should be manipulated
What are the three components of pulmonary gas
exchange? - Answer-ventilation, diffusion, perfusion
What is the definition of ventilation? - Answer-movement
of air between the atmosphere and the lungs
What is the actual work of breathing called (using the
muscles, lungs, airway, nervous system)? - Answer-
ventilation
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What is the definition of diffusion? - Answer-movement of
gas across pressure gradient from area of high
concentration to low concentration
What is it called when O2 moves from alveoli to pulmonary
capillaries? - Answer-diffusion
What is the definition of perfusion? - Answer-pulmonary
perfusion of pulmonary capillaries; flow of blood to
tissues/organs
What is perfusion affected by? - Answer-Hgb, O2 affinity,
and blood flow
Why is the matching of ventilation to perfusion essential
for gas exchange? - Answer-when they are not matched,
oxygen becomes impaired
When might ventilation to perfusion mismatching occur? -
Answer-PE, pneumothorax, hypoxemia
What are the components of oxygen delivery? - Answer-
CO, CaO2, ANS innervation, auto-regulation
NUR 445/NURS 445 EXAM 2 TEST BANK NEWEST
2025/ 2026 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
A+||LATEST EXAM!!!
What is the definition of affinity? - Answer-the attraction
between Hgb and O2
What does Hgb have an affinity to? - Answer-Hgb has an
attraction for O2 molecules
What does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
represent? - Answer-relationship between PaO2 and
SaO2
What is PaO2? - Answer-partial pressure of arterial O2
(arterial O2 tension)
What is SaO2? - Answer-Hgb saturation
What does P50 represent? - Answer-measures when Hgb
is 50% saturated with O2
,2|Page
When does the P50 change? - Answer-when physiologic
factors are altered
What does a left shift on the dissociation curve do to the
affinity of O2 to hemoglobin? - Answer-increases affinity =
prevents release to tissues
What does a right shift on the dissociation curve do to the
affinity of O2 to hemoglobin? - Answer-decreases affinity =
readily release to tissues
What causes a left shift on the dissociation curve? -
Answer-alkalosis, hypothermia, hypocapnia, decreased
2,3 DPG
What causes a right shift on the dissociation curve? -
Answer-acidosis, hyperthermia, hypercapnia, increased
2,3-DPG
What are three components of oxygenation? - Answer-
pulmonary gas exchange, O2 delivery, O2 consumption
,3|Page
What 2 problems in oxygenation does the nurse assess
for and intervene? - Answer-decreased O2 supply,
increased O2 demand
What is the definition of oxygenation? - Answer-the use of
O2 for energy through aerobic metabolism
What are the two goals in the assessment of oxygenation?
- Answer-to determine the overall adequacy of
oxygenation and to determine which component of
oxygenation dysfunction should be manipulated
What are the three components of pulmonary gas
exchange? - Answer-ventilation, diffusion, perfusion
What is the definition of ventilation? - Answer-movement
of air between the atmosphere and the lungs
What is the actual work of breathing called (using the
muscles, lungs, airway, nervous system)? - Answer-
ventilation
, 4|Page
What is the definition of diffusion? - Answer-movement of
gas across pressure gradient from area of high
concentration to low concentration
What is it called when O2 moves from alveoli to pulmonary
capillaries? - Answer-diffusion
What is the definition of perfusion? - Answer-pulmonary
perfusion of pulmonary capillaries; flow of blood to
tissues/organs
What is perfusion affected by? - Answer-Hgb, O2 affinity,
and blood flow
Why is the matching of ventilation to perfusion essential
for gas exchange? - Answer-when they are not matched,
oxygen becomes impaired
When might ventilation to perfusion mismatching occur? -
Answer-PE, pneumothorax, hypoxemia
What are the components of oxygen delivery? - Answer-
CO, CaO2, ANS innervation, auto-regulation
