Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Katzung; Chapter 1-4 | 2025–2026 Accurate Real Exam Questions and
Verified Correct Answers
Pharmacology ✅study of f the history, source, physical and chemical properties, compounding,
biochemical and physiological effect, mechanisms of action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation
and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs
Drug ✅any chemical agent that when taken into a living organism may modify one or more of its
functions
Toxicology ✅study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts
Pharmacokinetics ✅where drugs go, how long they stay, what chemical changes occur, how they are
removed; effect of body on a drug
Absorption ✅the movement of a drug from the site of administration to bloodstream; intake of a drug
into the system
Distribution ✅the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body; where the drug goes
following absorption
Elimination ✅the removal of materials from the body; removal of a drug
Pharmacodynamics ✅what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action
systemic effects ✅generalized distribution of the chemical throughout the body by the bloodstream to
internal organs
Effect ✅the change in the organism caused by the chemical
Law of Mass Action ✅the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the activities or
concentrations of the reactants
Response ✅is a function of the drug-receptor complex
ED50 ✅median effective dose; therapeutic effect; the dose required to achieve 50% of desired response
in 50% of the population
TD50 ✅median toxic dose; toxic effect; the dose required to get 50% of population reporting this
specific toxic effect
LD50 ✅median lethal dose; lethal effect; dose required to achieve 50% mortality from toxicity
EC50 ✅half maximum effective concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50% of its maximum
response is observed
LC50 ✅half lethal concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50% mortality
Verified Correct Answers
Pharmacology ✅study of f the history, source, physical and chemical properties, compounding,
biochemical and physiological effect, mechanisms of action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation
and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs
Drug ✅any chemical agent that when taken into a living organism may modify one or more of its
functions
Toxicology ✅study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts
Pharmacokinetics ✅where drugs go, how long they stay, what chemical changes occur, how they are
removed; effect of body on a drug
Absorption ✅the movement of a drug from the site of administration to bloodstream; intake of a drug
into the system
Distribution ✅the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body; where the drug goes
following absorption
Elimination ✅the removal of materials from the body; removal of a drug
Pharmacodynamics ✅what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action
systemic effects ✅generalized distribution of the chemical throughout the body by the bloodstream to
internal organs
Effect ✅the change in the organism caused by the chemical
Law of Mass Action ✅the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the activities or
concentrations of the reactants
Response ✅is a function of the drug-receptor complex
ED50 ✅median effective dose; therapeutic effect; the dose required to achieve 50% of desired response
in 50% of the population
TD50 ✅median toxic dose; toxic effect; the dose required to get 50% of population reporting this
specific toxic effect
LD50 ✅median lethal dose; lethal effect; dose required to achieve 50% mortality from toxicity
EC50 ✅half maximum effective concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50% of its maximum
response is observed
LC50 ✅half lethal concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50% mortality
