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TCDHA ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
TEST 1 BRAND NEW OFFICIAL
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
Vesicles
Membrane bound bubbles/sacs
Stores & moves materials in & out of the cell
Peroxisomes
Have anzymes that destroy harmful substance
Active in metabolism
Cilia
short, hair-like projections used for movement
Flagella
Long whisplike extension from the cell
Movement
Cell Shape
Round, flat, irregular, rectangular & threadlike
Cell organelle number
Depends on the function of the cell
Lipid producing cells have lots of smooth ER
Metabollicaly active cells have lots of mitochondria
Travel across cell membrane depends on...
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1. Molecular size
2. Solubility
3. Electrical charge
Active transport
Movement that requires cellular energy
Molecules travel against the natural flow; from a low concentration
to a high concentration
Passive transport
Movement that does not require cellular energy
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
Diffusion of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane
into a region of higher solute cpncentration
Filtration
Moves water & dissolved substances down a pressure gradient
through a semipermeable membrane
Bulk Transport/Vesicular transport
Movement of large amounts of material through plasma
membrane using vesicles
Endocytosis
Bringing in materials
1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor mediated endocytosis
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Receptor mediated endocytosis
Intake of substances using specific binding sites in the plasma
membrane
Exocytosis
Movement out of the cell
Protein Synthesis
Determined by DNA, occurs in cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Hereditary units that govern the cell
Divided into multiple subunits -> genes
Amino Acids
Basic unit of proteins
20 different amino acids
Formed from nucleotides (1 letter), 3 nucleotides (3 letters)
together form a codon
Common Amino Acids
CCC - glycine
GGG - proline
CAC - valine
AAA - phenylalanine
Proteins
Many amino acids together form a protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transcribes & copies the nucleotide code
Then attaches to a ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
TCDHA ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
TEST 1 BRAND NEW OFFICIAL
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
Vesicles
Membrane bound bubbles/sacs
Stores & moves materials in & out of the cell
Peroxisomes
Have anzymes that destroy harmful substance
Active in metabolism
Cilia
short, hair-like projections used for movement
Flagella
Long whisplike extension from the cell
Movement
Cell Shape
Round, flat, irregular, rectangular & threadlike
Cell organelle number
Depends on the function of the cell
Lipid producing cells have lots of smooth ER
Metabollicaly active cells have lots of mitochondria
Travel across cell membrane depends on...
, Page | 2
1. Molecular size
2. Solubility
3. Electrical charge
Active transport
Movement that requires cellular energy
Molecules travel against the natural flow; from a low concentration
to a high concentration
Passive transport
Movement that does not require cellular energy
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
Diffusion of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane
into a region of higher solute cpncentration
Filtration
Moves water & dissolved substances down a pressure gradient
through a semipermeable membrane
Bulk Transport/Vesicular transport
Movement of large amounts of material through plasma
membrane using vesicles
Endocytosis
Bringing in materials
1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor mediated endocytosis
, Page | 3
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Intake of substances using specific binding sites in the plasma
membrane
Exocytosis
Movement out of the cell
Protein Synthesis
Determined by DNA, occurs in cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Hereditary units that govern the cell
Divided into multiple subunits -> genes
Amino Acids
Basic unit of proteins
20 different amino acids
Formed from nucleotides (1 letter), 3 nucleotides (3 letters)
together form a codon
Common Amino Acids
CCC - glycine
GGG - proline
CAC - valine
AAA - phenylalanine
Proteins
Many amino acids together form a protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transcribes & copies the nucleotide code
Then attaches to a ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
