BIO 182 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT
VERSION>
Which of these individuals has the highest biological fitness in an evolutionary
sense? - ANSWER an organism that dies after 5 days of life but leaves 10
offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
True or False: The genotype of an organism describes the physical traits that one
can observe. - ANSWER False
Which of the following statement(s) regarding evolutionary adaptation is/are true?
Select ALL that apply. - ANSWER - A trait that is adaptive in one environment
may not be adaptive in a different environment.
- The adaptive value of a trait can change over time as the environment changes.
What are the core principles necessary for natural selection to occur in a
population? Select ALL that apply. - ANSWER - Traits need to be passed on from
parents to offspring
- There needs to be variation in a population
- Some organisms have a higher reproductive success than others
Evolution of a new trait typically takes many generations. Yet a dramatic shift in
the extent of armor plating in the Lake Washington stickleback population occurred
in the 50 years following the cleanup of the lake. Which of the following best
describes the mechanism of the rapid evolution of the armor phenotype in the Lake
Washington sticklebacks? - ANSWER New selective pressures favored individuals
, with the plated phenotype, causing the plated allele frequency in the population to
quickly increase.
True or False: Sexual selection is a case of natural selection that describes
evolution due not to variable survival rates, but rather due to variable reproductive
rates stemming from characteristics that allow an individual to successfully attract
a mate. - ANSWER True
In the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, there has been intense
industrial fishing for large predatory fishes, such as Atlantic Cod. Prior to
industrial fishing, the relationship between the size of a fish at maturity and its
fitness is shown by the graph on the left (below). Fishing is size-selective, with
fishers generally taking the largest fish. The fitness function during industrial
fishing is reflected in the graph on the right (below).
Based on this information, which of the following is true about the selection for
size at maturity? - ANSWER Cod experienced balancing selection before industrial
fishing, but now experience directional selection.
A new plant population develops the ability to grow on high-zinc-soil and can do
so at concentrations which are otherwise lethal to plants of the same species. This
is an example of ___________ selection: - ANSWER Directional
A farmer sprays insecticides on her crops to successfully get rid of weevils, a
beetle pest. After a few years of spraying the insecticide, she finds that weevils are
becoming more and more common again. What is the most likely explanation for
this? Select only ONE answer choice. - ANSWER Weevils that are resistant to the
insecticide are favoured by natural selection over weevils that are susceptible to the
insecticide.
According to the biological species concept, the main criterion for identifying a
species is: - ANSWER reproductive isolation
Which of the following statements is/are correct? - ANSWER A population is a
local subset of a species.
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT
VERSION>
Which of these individuals has the highest biological fitness in an evolutionary
sense? - ANSWER an organism that dies after 5 days of life but leaves 10
offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
True or False: The genotype of an organism describes the physical traits that one
can observe. - ANSWER False
Which of the following statement(s) regarding evolutionary adaptation is/are true?
Select ALL that apply. - ANSWER - A trait that is adaptive in one environment
may not be adaptive in a different environment.
- The adaptive value of a trait can change over time as the environment changes.
What are the core principles necessary for natural selection to occur in a
population? Select ALL that apply. - ANSWER - Traits need to be passed on from
parents to offspring
- There needs to be variation in a population
- Some organisms have a higher reproductive success than others
Evolution of a new trait typically takes many generations. Yet a dramatic shift in
the extent of armor plating in the Lake Washington stickleback population occurred
in the 50 years following the cleanup of the lake. Which of the following best
describes the mechanism of the rapid evolution of the armor phenotype in the Lake
Washington sticklebacks? - ANSWER New selective pressures favored individuals
, with the plated phenotype, causing the plated allele frequency in the population to
quickly increase.
True or False: Sexual selection is a case of natural selection that describes
evolution due not to variable survival rates, but rather due to variable reproductive
rates stemming from characteristics that allow an individual to successfully attract
a mate. - ANSWER True
In the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, there has been intense
industrial fishing for large predatory fishes, such as Atlantic Cod. Prior to
industrial fishing, the relationship between the size of a fish at maturity and its
fitness is shown by the graph on the left (below). Fishing is size-selective, with
fishers generally taking the largest fish. The fitness function during industrial
fishing is reflected in the graph on the right (below).
Based on this information, which of the following is true about the selection for
size at maturity? - ANSWER Cod experienced balancing selection before industrial
fishing, but now experience directional selection.
A new plant population develops the ability to grow on high-zinc-soil and can do
so at concentrations which are otherwise lethal to plants of the same species. This
is an example of ___________ selection: - ANSWER Directional
A farmer sprays insecticides on her crops to successfully get rid of weevils, a
beetle pest. After a few years of spraying the insecticide, she finds that weevils are
becoming more and more common again. What is the most likely explanation for
this? Select only ONE answer choice. - ANSWER Weevils that are resistant to the
insecticide are favoured by natural selection over weevils that are susceptible to the
insecticide.
According to the biological species concept, the main criterion for identifying a
species is: - ANSWER reproductive isolation
Which of the following statements is/are correct? - ANSWER A population is a
local subset of a species.
