Page 1 of 6
Biochemistry TEST 1 2025- 2026 Review GRADED A+ QUESTIONS WIT H
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
biochemistry test
Biochemistry test
explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds
Organic compounds contain carbon and inorganic compounds do not.
many biological structures are composed of smaller units assembled into
more complex structures having functions based on their structural
organization. for the following complex structures, describe the smaller units,
their assembly into larger structures, and one major function of these larger,
organized structures: and enzyme
ENZYME: protein made up of amino acid monomers. (small unit) amino acids are
joined by peptide bonds to make polypeptides, which fold into proteins.
bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. in an experiment,
bacteriophages were labeled with either radioactive phosphorus or radioactive
sulfur. the labeled bacteriophages were incubated with bacteria for a brief
amount of time and then removed. the infected bacteria cells were found to
contain significant amounts of radioactive phosphorus but not radio active
sulfur.
based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of
molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells?
how do you know?
radioactive phosphorus was used and nuclei acids are the only macromolecule that
contains phosphorus.
the secondary compound cyanide is a toxic, bitter-tasing chemical that is
found in apple seeds. cyanide in seeds is only released and tasted if the seed
is crushed. when animals eat apples, they typically eat the sweet fleshy part of
the fruit and spit out the seeds or swallow them whole.
based on the chemical structure of cyanide, identify one type of biological
macromolecule that could serve as a chemical precursor for the production of
cyanide in a plant. justify your answer.
cyanide could be made from the acids in proteins or nucleus acids. both of these
molecules contain N, which is needed for cyanide.
the stems and fruits of pineapple plants contain a group of protein digesting
enzymes collectively called bromelain often used as an anti browning agent
for fruits and vegetables. fruits and vegetables brown when they are bruised
during transport or sliced and exposed to air. this browning is controlled by
enzymatic pathways that produce brown pigments. the browning of fruits and
vegetables reduces the nutritional value of the food, so anti browning agents
such as bromelain are used.
, Page 2 of 6
a.) identify the type of monomer of which this enzyme is composed
b.) bromelain works by breaking the enzymes that cause browning into smaller
molecules. explain how the reaction that breaks up the enzymes occur
a.) Bromelain is an enzyme; enzymes are proteins composed of amino acid
monomers.
b.) hydrolysis reactions break apart polymers by adding water and breaking covalent
bonds.
the carbohydrates glucose, galactose, and fructose have the sa,e chemical
formula (c6h12o6) but different structural formulas, as represented in the
figure. are the properties of the molecules the same? why or why not?
these molecules are isomers. no, the properties are not the same, structure
determines function and their structures are different.
describe how organisms such as rabbits obtain the carbon necessary for
building biological molecules.
rabbits contain carbohydrates that are produced by plants when the plants undergo
photosynthesis. the carbohydrates eaten by the rabbits are broken down by
hydrolysis and the atoms from the carbs rearranged to form lipids.
researchers compared similar proteins from related organisms in different
habitats, they found the proteins from organisms living in harsh environments
had a greater number of cysteine amino acids that did proteins from
organisms not living in harsh environments. the structure of cystine amino
acids (S-S bonds). how does the number of S-S bonds affect the stability of the
protein? which level of protein structure is affected?
disulfide bonds (S-S) are "super strong" and are part of the tertiary structure of a
protein. proteins with more cysteine amino acids (contains s-sh group) have more
disulfide bonds/bridges and are therefore more stable. this stability is important in
harsh environments.
draw a water molecule the. label the partial charges and list two properties of
water.
adhesive and cohesive
the physical structure of a protein often reflects and affects its function.
describe three types of chemical bonds/interactions found in proteins. for
each type, describe its role in determining protein structure.
covalent peptide bonds between amino acids form the primary structure.
hydrogen bonds between amine and carboxyl groups form the secondary structure
of fibrous proteins.
hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges/bonds, and hydrophobic interactions between R-
groups for the tertiary structure. this structure determines the function of the protein.
the molecular structures of linoleic acid and palmitic acid, two naturally
occurring substances, are shown in the figure. based in the molecular
structures shown in the future, which molecule is likely to be solid at room
temperature? why?
palmatic acid is a lipid with a long saturated hydrocarbon chain. it is saturated with
hydrogen because there are no double bonds between carbon atoms. saturated fatty
acids are solid at room temp.
water and ammonia interact with hydrogen bonds, as represented in the figure.
which parts of these molecules have a partial positive charge? negative
charge? how/where does a hydrogen bond form.
the hydrogen bonds exist between the partially positive hydrogen of water and the
partially negative nitrogen of ammonia.
Biochemistry TEST 1 2025- 2026 Review GRADED A+ QUESTIONS WIT H
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
biochemistry test
Biochemistry test
explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds
Organic compounds contain carbon and inorganic compounds do not.
many biological structures are composed of smaller units assembled into
more complex structures having functions based on their structural
organization. for the following complex structures, describe the smaller units,
their assembly into larger structures, and one major function of these larger,
organized structures: and enzyme
ENZYME: protein made up of amino acid monomers. (small unit) amino acids are
joined by peptide bonds to make polypeptides, which fold into proteins.
bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. in an experiment,
bacteriophages were labeled with either radioactive phosphorus or radioactive
sulfur. the labeled bacteriophages were incubated with bacteria for a brief
amount of time and then removed. the infected bacteria cells were found to
contain significant amounts of radioactive phosphorus but not radio active
sulfur.
based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of
molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells?
how do you know?
radioactive phosphorus was used and nuclei acids are the only macromolecule that
contains phosphorus.
the secondary compound cyanide is a toxic, bitter-tasing chemical that is
found in apple seeds. cyanide in seeds is only released and tasted if the seed
is crushed. when animals eat apples, they typically eat the sweet fleshy part of
the fruit and spit out the seeds or swallow them whole.
based on the chemical structure of cyanide, identify one type of biological
macromolecule that could serve as a chemical precursor for the production of
cyanide in a plant. justify your answer.
cyanide could be made from the acids in proteins or nucleus acids. both of these
molecules contain N, which is needed for cyanide.
the stems and fruits of pineapple plants contain a group of protein digesting
enzymes collectively called bromelain often used as an anti browning agent
for fruits and vegetables. fruits and vegetables brown when they are bruised
during transport or sliced and exposed to air. this browning is controlled by
enzymatic pathways that produce brown pigments. the browning of fruits and
vegetables reduces the nutritional value of the food, so anti browning agents
such as bromelain are used.
, Page 2 of 6
a.) identify the type of monomer of which this enzyme is composed
b.) bromelain works by breaking the enzymes that cause browning into smaller
molecules. explain how the reaction that breaks up the enzymes occur
a.) Bromelain is an enzyme; enzymes are proteins composed of amino acid
monomers.
b.) hydrolysis reactions break apart polymers by adding water and breaking covalent
bonds.
the carbohydrates glucose, galactose, and fructose have the sa,e chemical
formula (c6h12o6) but different structural formulas, as represented in the
figure. are the properties of the molecules the same? why or why not?
these molecules are isomers. no, the properties are not the same, structure
determines function and their structures are different.
describe how organisms such as rabbits obtain the carbon necessary for
building biological molecules.
rabbits contain carbohydrates that are produced by plants when the plants undergo
photosynthesis. the carbohydrates eaten by the rabbits are broken down by
hydrolysis and the atoms from the carbs rearranged to form lipids.
researchers compared similar proteins from related organisms in different
habitats, they found the proteins from organisms living in harsh environments
had a greater number of cysteine amino acids that did proteins from
organisms not living in harsh environments. the structure of cystine amino
acids (S-S bonds). how does the number of S-S bonds affect the stability of the
protein? which level of protein structure is affected?
disulfide bonds (S-S) are "super strong" and are part of the tertiary structure of a
protein. proteins with more cysteine amino acids (contains s-sh group) have more
disulfide bonds/bridges and are therefore more stable. this stability is important in
harsh environments.
draw a water molecule the. label the partial charges and list two properties of
water.
adhesive and cohesive
the physical structure of a protein often reflects and affects its function.
describe three types of chemical bonds/interactions found in proteins. for
each type, describe its role in determining protein structure.
covalent peptide bonds between amino acids form the primary structure.
hydrogen bonds between amine and carboxyl groups form the secondary structure
of fibrous proteins.
hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges/bonds, and hydrophobic interactions between R-
groups for the tertiary structure. this structure determines the function of the protein.
the molecular structures of linoleic acid and palmitic acid, two naturally
occurring substances, are shown in the figure. based in the molecular
structures shown in the future, which molecule is likely to be solid at room
temperature? why?
palmatic acid is a lipid with a long saturated hydrocarbon chain. it is saturated with
hydrogen because there are no double bonds between carbon atoms. saturated fatty
acids are solid at room temp.
water and ammonia interact with hydrogen bonds, as represented in the figure.
which parts of these molecules have a partial positive charge? negative
charge? how/where does a hydrogen bond form.
the hydrogen bonds exist between the partially positive hydrogen of water and the
partially negative nitrogen of ammonia.
