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Biochemistry TEST 2025- 2026 Review GRADED A+ QUESTIONS WIT H
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
Biochemistry Test
What is AMU?
Atomic mass unit
What subatomic particles are in atoms?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Where is the proton found?
In the nucleus
Where is the neutron found?
In the nucleus
Where is the electron found?
The cloud/ shell
Charge of a proton
Positive
Charge of a neutron
Neutral
Charge of an electron
Negative
Mass of proton
1 AMU
Mass of neutron
1 AMU
Mass of electron
Negligible/ no mass
Why are atoms neutral?
They have the same number of protons and electrons
The mass is equal to _____________
The sum of protons and neutrons
What are trace elements
Only required in minute quantities for normal life functions
What is an isotope?
Same number of protons, different number of neutrons and therefore mass.
Uses of isotopes
Determine the ages of rocks and fossils, to kill bacteria that causes food to spoil, and
as labels or "tracers"
What is a covalent bond?
Former when electrons are shared between atoms.
What is polar?
Electrons are not shared evenly resulting in an uneven distribution of charge
What is nonpolar?
Electrons are shared evenly
What are Ionic bonds
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. One
atom was so electronegative that it strips the electron from the other creating ions
(charged)
What is electronegativity
Pull of an atom on an electron
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Cohesion
Attraction between molecules that are of the same substance
Adhesion
Attraction between molecules that are of different substances
Explain the polarity of water. Why is this important for life?
The Oxygen has a negative charge, while the two hydrogen atoms have a negative
charge in a water molecule. Water polarity can dissolve many other substances, is
less dense as it freezes due to H bonding (hydrogen bonds act as temperature
regulation), has a high specific heat, and its cohesion allows transport in plants.
pH of acid
Below 7
pH of base
Above 7
What does acid donate to a solution?
H+ ions
What does a base donate to a solution?
OH- ions
Organic compound
Carbon based compounds (carbon-carbon & carbon - hydrogen bonds)
Monomer
One subunit
Polymer
Many subunits linked together
Dehydration synthesis
Building something while losing water
Hydrolysis
Split with water
Hydrophilic
Loving water (polar)
Hydrophobic
Fearing water (nonpolar)
Macromolecule
Large molecule
What are the four most abundant element, that are essential for life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
What element is the backbone of all organic compounds?
Carbon
Carbon has how many valence electrons?
4
What are carbohydrates used for?
Short - term energy & structure in cell walls.
What elements are in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
What is the Hydrogen : Oxygen ratio in carbohydrates?
2:1
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
Examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
What is a disaccharide?
Biochemistry TEST 2025- 2026 Review GRADED A+ QUESTIONS WIT H
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
Biochemistry Test
What is AMU?
Atomic mass unit
What subatomic particles are in atoms?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Where is the proton found?
In the nucleus
Where is the neutron found?
In the nucleus
Where is the electron found?
The cloud/ shell
Charge of a proton
Positive
Charge of a neutron
Neutral
Charge of an electron
Negative
Mass of proton
1 AMU
Mass of neutron
1 AMU
Mass of electron
Negligible/ no mass
Why are atoms neutral?
They have the same number of protons and electrons
The mass is equal to _____________
The sum of protons and neutrons
What are trace elements
Only required in minute quantities for normal life functions
What is an isotope?
Same number of protons, different number of neutrons and therefore mass.
Uses of isotopes
Determine the ages of rocks and fossils, to kill bacteria that causes food to spoil, and
as labels or "tracers"
What is a covalent bond?
Former when electrons are shared between atoms.
What is polar?
Electrons are not shared evenly resulting in an uneven distribution of charge
What is nonpolar?
Electrons are shared evenly
What are Ionic bonds
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. One
atom was so electronegative that it strips the electron from the other creating ions
(charged)
What is electronegativity
Pull of an atom on an electron
, Page 2 of 5
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules that are of the same substance
Adhesion
Attraction between molecules that are of different substances
Explain the polarity of water. Why is this important for life?
The Oxygen has a negative charge, while the two hydrogen atoms have a negative
charge in a water molecule. Water polarity can dissolve many other substances, is
less dense as it freezes due to H bonding (hydrogen bonds act as temperature
regulation), has a high specific heat, and its cohesion allows transport in plants.
pH of acid
Below 7
pH of base
Above 7
What does acid donate to a solution?
H+ ions
What does a base donate to a solution?
OH- ions
Organic compound
Carbon based compounds (carbon-carbon & carbon - hydrogen bonds)
Monomer
One subunit
Polymer
Many subunits linked together
Dehydration synthesis
Building something while losing water
Hydrolysis
Split with water
Hydrophilic
Loving water (polar)
Hydrophobic
Fearing water (nonpolar)
Macromolecule
Large molecule
What are the four most abundant element, that are essential for life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
What element is the backbone of all organic compounds?
Carbon
Carbon has how many valence electrons?
4
What are carbohydrates used for?
Short - term energy & structure in cell walls.
What elements are in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
What is the Hydrogen : Oxygen ratio in carbohydrates?
2:1
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
Examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
What is a disaccharide?
