Patho 6030- Exam 1 Questions and Answers.

Natriuretic Peptides - Answer produced by cardiac muscle- too much fluid brain type peptide- ventricular stretching atrial natriuretic peptide- atrial stretching actions: vasodilation of afferent arterioles and inhibits renin secretion Hyponatremia- causes - Answer excessive loss of Na+ -water gain (dilutional) Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, SIADH, intake (free water; IVF) Hyponatremia S/S - Answer lots of neurological issues, increase pressure on brain = cerebral edema, nausea/vomiting, lethargy, headache, confusion, seizures, coma Hyponatremia pathophysiology - Answer decreased osmolality of ECF; cells swell as water moves into ICF Hyponatremia- treatment - Answer water restriction; sodium replacement Hypernatremia - causes - Answer net loss of water - excess intake of sodium causes: diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, renal disease, fever, altered thirst mechanism, diabetes insipidus Hypernatremia- s/s - Answer thirst, weakness, lethargy, confusion seizures, hyperreflexia hypernatremia pathophysiology - Answer increased osmolality of ECF, cell shrink as water moves out towards greater concentration Hypernatremia Treatment - Answer fluid replacement (slowly) Hypokalemia- causes - Answer alkalosis, inadequate intake/absorption, excessive losses (D/V, diuretics)