NPS Exam Study Guide 2025-2026 Most Recent
Version Comprehensive 125 Questions and
Verified Answers Accurate Solutions Already
Graded A+ Get it 100% Correct
A 10-year-old boy with a cuffed tracheostomy tube is receiving volume ventilation. At the
beginning of the shift, a minimal leak was established at a peak inspiratory pressure of
34 cmH2O. Four hours later, the neonatal/pediatric specialist notes that the peak
inspiratory pressure is now 19 cmH2O. The most appropriate action at this time would
be to
a. increase the set minute ventilation
b. repeat the minimal leak procedure
c. suction the patient
d. change to an uncuffed tracheostomy tube - CORRECT ANSWER: b. repeat the
minimal leak procedure
A 16-year-old child with ARDS is being treated with mechanical ventilation and PEEP.
The patient has persistent hypoxemia. This would result in an increase in which of the
following hemodynamic measurements?
a. PAP
b. CVP
c. PCWP
d. Qt (cardiac output) - CORRECT ANSWER: a. PAP
A 28-week gestation age infant with IRDS receiving mechanical ventilation developed a
pneumothorax which has been treated with a chest tube connected to a chest drainage
system. While mopping the floor, the housekeeper accidently knocks over the chest
drainage system, spilling water from the water seal chamber. The neonatal/pediatric
specialist should
a. immediately clamp the chest tube
,b. connect the chest tube to wall suction
c. leave the chest tube open to air
d. remove any PEEP set on the ventilator - CORRECT ANSWER: c. leave the chest
tube open to air
A 34-week-gestational age newborn infant has the following arterial blood results drawn
at birth on room air.
pH- 7.33, PaCO2- 46 mmHg, PaO2- 44 mmHg, HCO3- 23 mEq/L
The neonatal-pediatric specialist should recommend
a. mechanical ventilation
b. intubate and initiate CPAP at 4 cmH2O with an FiO2 of 0.60
c. place the newborn in an oxygen hood and administer an FiO2 of 0.45
d. administer oxygen via an isolette at an FiO2 of 0.55 - CORRECT ANSWER: c. place
the newborn in an oxygen hood and administer an FiO2 of 0.45
A 4-year-old child arrives in the ED following a MVA. The patient is hypotensive and
tachycardic with poor capillary refill. The neonatal/pediatric specialist should
recommend administration of
a. dobutamine
b. epinephrine
c. sodium nitroprusside
d. volume expanders - CORRECT ANSWER: d. volume expanders
A 9-year-old child is in sinus bradycardia. The neonatal/pediatric specialist should
recommend administration of
a. lidocaine
b. amiodarone
c. epinephrine
d. naloxone hydrochloride - CORRECT ANSWER: c. epinephrine
,A 9-year-old child with severe ARDS is attached to a venovenous circuit that diverts
20% of his cardiac output through a membrane oxygenator. What term is assigned to
this form of therapy?
a. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
b. extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal
c. artificial external cardiac support
d. cardiovascular assistive device - CORRECT ANSWER: b. extracorporeal carbon
dioxide removal
A diaphragmatic apex below the 6th rib is consistent with
a. pleural effusion
b. under aeration
c. pneumothorax
d. diaphragmatic hernia - CORRECT ANSWER: c. pneumothorax
A fiberoptic light is place on an infant's right chest. A lighted halo is seen around the
point of contact. The light is then placed on the infant's left chest and no light can be
seen. This would indicate that
a. the right hemidiaphragm is absent
b. there is a right pneumothorax
c. there is a pneumomediastinum present
d. the left hemodiaphragm is herniated - CORRECT ANSWER: d. the left
hemodiaphragm is herniated
A heat moisture exchanger is being utilized in a ventilator circuit. The neonatal/pediatric
specialist notices that it has become clogged with secretions. The specialist should
a. rinse the HME with water
b. replace it with a new HME
, c. increase the temperature setting on the HME
d. replace it with a wick humidifier - CORRECT ANSWER: d. replace it with a wick
humidifier
A high frequency ventilator has a set frequency of 2.5 hertz. This would be the
equivalent of
a. 50/min
b. 150/min
c. 250/min
d. 500/min - CORRECT ANSWER: b. 150/min
A neonatal-pediatric specialist has inserted a balloon-tip, flow-directed pulmonary artery
catheter and has recorded the following measurements:
CVP 2 mmHg, PAP 8 mmHg (mean), PCWP 3 mmHg, Qt 2.5 L/min
Which of the following is most likely cause of these results?
a. high PEEP effects
b. hemorrhage
c. overhydration
d. pulmonary hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER: b. hemorrhage
A neonate is receiving CPAP via nasal prongs at 5 cmH2O. The neonatal/pediatric
specialist notices that the high-pressure alarm is sounding. This could be caused by
which of the following?
1. loose connections, 2. the baby is crying, 3. excessive secretions, 4. occluded nasal
prongs, 5. water collecting in the circuit tubing
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 3, 4 and 5 only
Version Comprehensive 125 Questions and
Verified Answers Accurate Solutions Already
Graded A+ Get it 100% Correct
A 10-year-old boy with a cuffed tracheostomy tube is receiving volume ventilation. At the
beginning of the shift, a minimal leak was established at a peak inspiratory pressure of
34 cmH2O. Four hours later, the neonatal/pediatric specialist notes that the peak
inspiratory pressure is now 19 cmH2O. The most appropriate action at this time would
be to
a. increase the set minute ventilation
b. repeat the minimal leak procedure
c. suction the patient
d. change to an uncuffed tracheostomy tube - CORRECT ANSWER: b. repeat the
minimal leak procedure
A 16-year-old child with ARDS is being treated with mechanical ventilation and PEEP.
The patient has persistent hypoxemia. This would result in an increase in which of the
following hemodynamic measurements?
a. PAP
b. CVP
c. PCWP
d. Qt (cardiac output) - CORRECT ANSWER: a. PAP
A 28-week gestation age infant with IRDS receiving mechanical ventilation developed a
pneumothorax which has been treated with a chest tube connected to a chest drainage
system. While mopping the floor, the housekeeper accidently knocks over the chest
drainage system, spilling water from the water seal chamber. The neonatal/pediatric
specialist should
a. immediately clamp the chest tube
,b. connect the chest tube to wall suction
c. leave the chest tube open to air
d. remove any PEEP set on the ventilator - CORRECT ANSWER: c. leave the chest
tube open to air
A 34-week-gestational age newborn infant has the following arterial blood results drawn
at birth on room air.
pH- 7.33, PaCO2- 46 mmHg, PaO2- 44 mmHg, HCO3- 23 mEq/L
The neonatal-pediatric specialist should recommend
a. mechanical ventilation
b. intubate and initiate CPAP at 4 cmH2O with an FiO2 of 0.60
c. place the newborn in an oxygen hood and administer an FiO2 of 0.45
d. administer oxygen via an isolette at an FiO2 of 0.55 - CORRECT ANSWER: c. place
the newborn in an oxygen hood and administer an FiO2 of 0.45
A 4-year-old child arrives in the ED following a MVA. The patient is hypotensive and
tachycardic with poor capillary refill. The neonatal/pediatric specialist should
recommend administration of
a. dobutamine
b. epinephrine
c. sodium nitroprusside
d. volume expanders - CORRECT ANSWER: d. volume expanders
A 9-year-old child is in sinus bradycardia. The neonatal/pediatric specialist should
recommend administration of
a. lidocaine
b. amiodarone
c. epinephrine
d. naloxone hydrochloride - CORRECT ANSWER: c. epinephrine
,A 9-year-old child with severe ARDS is attached to a venovenous circuit that diverts
20% of his cardiac output through a membrane oxygenator. What term is assigned to
this form of therapy?
a. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
b. extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal
c. artificial external cardiac support
d. cardiovascular assistive device - CORRECT ANSWER: b. extracorporeal carbon
dioxide removal
A diaphragmatic apex below the 6th rib is consistent with
a. pleural effusion
b. under aeration
c. pneumothorax
d. diaphragmatic hernia - CORRECT ANSWER: c. pneumothorax
A fiberoptic light is place on an infant's right chest. A lighted halo is seen around the
point of contact. The light is then placed on the infant's left chest and no light can be
seen. This would indicate that
a. the right hemidiaphragm is absent
b. there is a right pneumothorax
c. there is a pneumomediastinum present
d. the left hemodiaphragm is herniated - CORRECT ANSWER: d. the left
hemodiaphragm is herniated
A heat moisture exchanger is being utilized in a ventilator circuit. The neonatal/pediatric
specialist notices that it has become clogged with secretions. The specialist should
a. rinse the HME with water
b. replace it with a new HME
, c. increase the temperature setting on the HME
d. replace it with a wick humidifier - CORRECT ANSWER: d. replace it with a wick
humidifier
A high frequency ventilator has a set frequency of 2.5 hertz. This would be the
equivalent of
a. 50/min
b. 150/min
c. 250/min
d. 500/min - CORRECT ANSWER: b. 150/min
A neonatal-pediatric specialist has inserted a balloon-tip, flow-directed pulmonary artery
catheter and has recorded the following measurements:
CVP 2 mmHg, PAP 8 mmHg (mean), PCWP 3 mmHg, Qt 2.5 L/min
Which of the following is most likely cause of these results?
a. high PEEP effects
b. hemorrhage
c. overhydration
d. pulmonary hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER: b. hemorrhage
A neonate is receiving CPAP via nasal prongs at 5 cmH2O. The neonatal/pediatric
specialist notices that the high-pressure alarm is sounding. This could be caused by
which of the following?
1. loose connections, 2. the baby is crying, 3. excessive secretions, 4. occluded nasal
prongs, 5. water collecting in the circuit tubing
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 3, 4 and 5 only
