Anatomy and Physiology 1 Exam 1
A - ANS - bonds with U (RNA) or T (DNA)
Achondroplasea - ANS - dwarfism; caused by mutation in DNA replication or inherited
gene, long bones stop growing, large head, short limbs, curved spine, abnormal
conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone
acid - ANS - donates H+
active transport - ANS - opposes the movement of solutes by diffusion and prevents
the distribution of dissolved substances from reaching equilibrium; moves a substance
against a concentration gradient
Ex) sodium potassium pump- ion pump concentration gradients- moves Na+
continuously out the cell and K+ into the cell; must expend ATP to do this; maintains
electrochemical gradient which gives cell potential energy
anatomy - ANS - study of structure and form; derived from Greek word Anatome
which means to cut apart or dissect; Anatomists study structure and form of organims
studying the relationships among parts of the body and the structure of individual
organs
anion - ANS - negatively charged ion
anterior - ANS - in front of
apocrine sweat glands - ANS - discharges sweat into hair follicle, active in pubic and
underarm regions, become active during puberty
appositional growth - ANS - occurs within the periosteum; circumferential lamallae
develop in the bone (like tree rings); medullary cavity forms in center
arector pill muscle - ANS - muscle that alters hair position
atoms - ANS - protons (+1 charge), nuetrons, and electrons (very little weight)
atomic number is based on protons
, amu is based on protons and nuetrons
base - ANS - donates OH-
basic qualities of life - ANS - organization- each organism has a complex structure
and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body; anabolism
(smaller molecules form larger) and catabolism (larger molecules are broken down to
smaller)
growth and development- each organism assimilates materials from its environment and
often grows and develops
responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face of environmental
changes- homeostasis- ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal
environment
bone connective tissue - ANS -
Bone remodeling - ANS - bones replaced regularly eveery few years, mechanical
stress through exercise causes bone growth
branches of anatomy - ANS - microscopic- structures that cannot be observed to the
unaided eye
(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;
histology- study of tissues)
gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,; macroscopic
(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system;
regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a
complete unit)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6 CO2 +6H2O - ANS - equation for respiration, CO2 is exhaled,
H2O mostly used in the body
calcitonin - ANS - inhibits osteoclasts (bone loss), stimulates loss of calcium from
urine
carbohydrate - ANS - hydrated carbon--nearly every carbon is attached to a water
molecule
cation - ANS - positively charged ion
A - ANS - bonds with U (RNA) or T (DNA)
Achondroplasea - ANS - dwarfism; caused by mutation in DNA replication or inherited
gene, long bones stop growing, large head, short limbs, curved spine, abnormal
conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone
acid - ANS - donates H+
active transport - ANS - opposes the movement of solutes by diffusion and prevents
the distribution of dissolved substances from reaching equilibrium; moves a substance
against a concentration gradient
Ex) sodium potassium pump- ion pump concentration gradients- moves Na+
continuously out the cell and K+ into the cell; must expend ATP to do this; maintains
electrochemical gradient which gives cell potential energy
anatomy - ANS - study of structure and form; derived from Greek word Anatome
which means to cut apart or dissect; Anatomists study structure and form of organims
studying the relationships among parts of the body and the structure of individual
organs
anion - ANS - negatively charged ion
anterior - ANS - in front of
apocrine sweat glands - ANS - discharges sweat into hair follicle, active in pubic and
underarm regions, become active during puberty
appositional growth - ANS - occurs within the periosteum; circumferential lamallae
develop in the bone (like tree rings); medullary cavity forms in center
arector pill muscle - ANS - muscle that alters hair position
atoms - ANS - protons (+1 charge), nuetrons, and electrons (very little weight)
atomic number is based on protons
, amu is based on protons and nuetrons
base - ANS - donates OH-
basic qualities of life - ANS - organization- each organism has a complex structure
and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body; anabolism
(smaller molecules form larger) and catabolism (larger molecules are broken down to
smaller)
growth and development- each organism assimilates materials from its environment and
often grows and develops
responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face of environmental
changes- homeostasis- ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal
environment
bone connective tissue - ANS -
Bone remodeling - ANS - bones replaced regularly eveery few years, mechanical
stress through exercise causes bone growth
branches of anatomy - ANS - microscopic- structures that cannot be observed to the
unaided eye
(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;
histology- study of tissues)
gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,; macroscopic
(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system;
regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a
complete unit)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6 CO2 +6H2O - ANS - equation for respiration, CO2 is exhaled,
H2O mostly used in the body
calcitonin - ANS - inhibits osteoclasts (bone loss), stimulates loss of calcium from
urine
carbohydrate - ANS - hydrated carbon--nearly every carbon is attached to a water
molecule
cation - ANS - positively charged ion
