EMT-Anatomy and Physiology
Abdominal Quadrants - ANS - RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
Acetabulum - ANS - pelvic socket into which fits the rounded top of the femur
Adrenal Glands - ANS - on top of kidneys, secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine,
postpones muscle fatigue, increase sugar storage, kidney function, regulate metabolism
of salt and water
Alpha1 - ANS - effects cause vessels to constrict (vasoconstriction), skin becomes
pale, cool, and moist
Alpha2 - ANS - regulates release of alpha1
Anatomical Position - ANS - Standing, facing forward, palms out
Anterior - ANS - toward the front
Artery - ANS - carries blood away from heart
Ball-and-Socket Joint - ANS - wide range of motion; shoulder, hip
Beta1 - ANS - effects increase HR, increase force of cardia contraction, speed up
electrical impulse of heart
Beta2 - ANS - cause smooth muscle to dilate
Capillary - ANS - blood vessel that connects artery to vein
Cardiac Muscle - ANS - hybrid, special involuntary muscle, automaticity=can generate
impulses on its own even when disconnected from nervous system
Carpals - ANS - group of bones in the wrist
, Cerebellum - ANS - posterior and inferior to cranium, controls muscle activity and
impulses from the eyes and ears
Cerebrum - ANS - outermost portion of brain, controls sensation, thought, memory
Cervical Spine - ANS - C1-C7, first 7 vertebrae, we can feel C7, most prone to injury
Children vs Adults - ANS - 1-smaller nose and mouth that can be obstructed easily.
2-tongue takes up most of mouth which can block pharynx. 3-narrow trachea which can
be blocked by swelling or foreign objects. 4-cricoid cartilage is less developed and less
rigid. 5-chest wall is softer so rely on diaphragm for breathing
Circulatory System - ANS - provide cells with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide,
transport blood to cells and alveoli for gas exchange, house blood, buffer bodies
acid-base balance, deliver immune cells to fight infection, contain substances that
promote clotting
Clavicle - ANS - collarbone, attached to superior portion of sternum (manubrium)
Coccyx Spine - ANS - tailbone, last 4 vertebrae
Condyloid Joint - ANS - Wrist can move up and down, side to side, but not in full
rotation
Conscious - ANS - RAS and at least one cerebral hemisphere must be intact and
functioning
Cranium - ANS - occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal
Diaphragm - ANS - separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
Digestive System - ANS - alimentary tract and accessory organs, ingest and carry food
so that absorption can occur and waste can be eliminated
Distal - ANS - wrist is distal from elbow
Dorsal - ANS - toward the spine, back
Endocrine System - ANS - Multiple glands secreted into hormones which have effects
on the activity of certain organs
Abdominal Quadrants - ANS - RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
Acetabulum - ANS - pelvic socket into which fits the rounded top of the femur
Adrenal Glands - ANS - on top of kidneys, secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine,
postpones muscle fatigue, increase sugar storage, kidney function, regulate metabolism
of salt and water
Alpha1 - ANS - effects cause vessels to constrict (vasoconstriction), skin becomes
pale, cool, and moist
Alpha2 - ANS - regulates release of alpha1
Anatomical Position - ANS - Standing, facing forward, palms out
Anterior - ANS - toward the front
Artery - ANS - carries blood away from heart
Ball-and-Socket Joint - ANS - wide range of motion; shoulder, hip
Beta1 - ANS - effects increase HR, increase force of cardia contraction, speed up
electrical impulse of heart
Beta2 - ANS - cause smooth muscle to dilate
Capillary - ANS - blood vessel that connects artery to vein
Cardiac Muscle - ANS - hybrid, special involuntary muscle, automaticity=can generate
impulses on its own even when disconnected from nervous system
Carpals - ANS - group of bones in the wrist
, Cerebellum - ANS - posterior and inferior to cranium, controls muscle activity and
impulses from the eyes and ears
Cerebrum - ANS - outermost portion of brain, controls sensation, thought, memory
Cervical Spine - ANS - C1-C7, first 7 vertebrae, we can feel C7, most prone to injury
Children vs Adults - ANS - 1-smaller nose and mouth that can be obstructed easily.
2-tongue takes up most of mouth which can block pharynx. 3-narrow trachea which can
be blocked by swelling or foreign objects. 4-cricoid cartilage is less developed and less
rigid. 5-chest wall is softer so rely on diaphragm for breathing
Circulatory System - ANS - provide cells with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide,
transport blood to cells and alveoli for gas exchange, house blood, buffer bodies
acid-base balance, deliver immune cells to fight infection, contain substances that
promote clotting
Clavicle - ANS - collarbone, attached to superior portion of sternum (manubrium)
Coccyx Spine - ANS - tailbone, last 4 vertebrae
Condyloid Joint - ANS - Wrist can move up and down, side to side, but not in full
rotation
Conscious - ANS - RAS and at least one cerebral hemisphere must be intact and
functioning
Cranium - ANS - occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal
Diaphragm - ANS - separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
Digestive System - ANS - alimentary tract and accessory organs, ingest and carry food
so that absorption can occur and waste can be eliminated
Distal - ANS - wrist is distal from elbow
Dorsal - ANS - toward the spine, back
Endocrine System - ANS - Multiple glands secreted into hormones which have effects
on the activity of certain organs
