BSC 1005 - Exam 1 (Chapter 1-3) |Questions and Answers
Scientists believe that the first prokaryoktes arose _______ years ago, and the first
eukaryotes arose _____ years later. - -*3.5 billion
*1.7 bilion
-If life on Mars is fundamentally like life on Earth, then it's macro-molecules will be based
on which element? - -Carbon
-Mitochondria cover food energy into high-energy molecule that is directly usable by the
cell _____. - -ATP.
-Enzymes are ______. - -Proteins
-Assume that a plant is suffering from a drought and is starting to wilt. Which cell
component is most likely being affected? - -Vacuole
-What are features of all living things? - -*Growth
*Homeostasis
*Metabolism
-Which organelle is represented by a network of membranes involved in the production of
proteins? - -Endoplasmic reticulum
-What is the pH balance of a neutral solution? - -7
-What is the pH when it is greater than 7? - -Basic
-What is the pH when it is lower than 7? - -Acidic
-What are reasons we need water? - -*It delivers nutrients to body cells.
*It carries waste products of digestion
*It maintains blood pressure.
-Describe the role of nutrients in the body. - -Nutrients provide the structural units and
energy for cells.
-What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? - -Unsaturated fats
contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats do not.
-Nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities are called ______. - -
Macronutrients
-Excess carbohydrates are stored in humans as ______. - -Glycogen in the muscles and liver.
, -What do vitamins in the human body do? - -Help enzymes function properly.
-To lose one pound in a week, what do you need to do? - -Reduce caloric intake by 200
calories per day & increase exercise to burn off 300 more calories per day.
-How many liters are water does an adult need per day? - -3 liters
-Starch - -Complex carbohydrate from plants
-Glycogen - -Complex carbohydrate from animals
-In a carbohydrate, what sugars are there and what do they do? - -*Simple sugar (glucose)-
enter he system
*Complex carbohydrate (branching chains of simple sugars) are digested more slowly
-What is the difference between processed food and whole foods? - -Processed food has
been stripped of nutritional value while whole foods nutritional value remains in tact.
-What is fiber and how does it help the human body? - -It is essential for large intestine
function and lowers cholesterol, as well as reducing the risk of cancer.
-Essential amino acids - -We must obtain them from food as our bodies cannot make them
-Complete proteins - -Contains all the essential amino acid we need (plant protein can be
combined to make them complete)
-What are some essential fatty acids? - -Omega-3 / Omega- 6
-What do fats consist of? - -Glycerol attached to fatty acid tails
-What do fats do? - -*Store energy molecules
*Act as a cushion and insulator
-Polyunsaturated fats - -Many double bonds preventing it from tightly packing
-Hydrogenation - -Process that adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fats to make it solid
-Trans Fats - -Produced by incomplete hydrogenation
-Micronutrients - -Needed in small quantities
-Diffusion - -Movement of molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration
-Passive transport - -Diffusion of small hydrophobic molecules without energy
Scientists believe that the first prokaryoktes arose _______ years ago, and the first
eukaryotes arose _____ years later. - -*3.5 billion
*1.7 bilion
-If life on Mars is fundamentally like life on Earth, then it's macro-molecules will be based
on which element? - -Carbon
-Mitochondria cover food energy into high-energy molecule that is directly usable by the
cell _____. - -ATP.
-Enzymes are ______. - -Proteins
-Assume that a plant is suffering from a drought and is starting to wilt. Which cell
component is most likely being affected? - -Vacuole
-What are features of all living things? - -*Growth
*Homeostasis
*Metabolism
-Which organelle is represented by a network of membranes involved in the production of
proteins? - -Endoplasmic reticulum
-What is the pH balance of a neutral solution? - -7
-What is the pH when it is greater than 7? - -Basic
-What is the pH when it is lower than 7? - -Acidic
-What are reasons we need water? - -*It delivers nutrients to body cells.
*It carries waste products of digestion
*It maintains blood pressure.
-Describe the role of nutrients in the body. - -Nutrients provide the structural units and
energy for cells.
-What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? - -Unsaturated fats
contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats do not.
-Nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities are called ______. - -
Macronutrients
-Excess carbohydrates are stored in humans as ______. - -Glycogen in the muscles and liver.
, -What do vitamins in the human body do? - -Help enzymes function properly.
-To lose one pound in a week, what do you need to do? - -Reduce caloric intake by 200
calories per day & increase exercise to burn off 300 more calories per day.
-How many liters are water does an adult need per day? - -3 liters
-Starch - -Complex carbohydrate from plants
-Glycogen - -Complex carbohydrate from animals
-In a carbohydrate, what sugars are there and what do they do? - -*Simple sugar (glucose)-
enter he system
*Complex carbohydrate (branching chains of simple sugars) are digested more slowly
-What is the difference between processed food and whole foods? - -Processed food has
been stripped of nutritional value while whole foods nutritional value remains in tact.
-What is fiber and how does it help the human body? - -It is essential for large intestine
function and lowers cholesterol, as well as reducing the risk of cancer.
-Essential amino acids - -We must obtain them from food as our bodies cannot make them
-Complete proteins - -Contains all the essential amino acid we need (plant protein can be
combined to make them complete)
-What are some essential fatty acids? - -Omega-3 / Omega- 6
-What do fats consist of? - -Glycerol attached to fatty acid tails
-What do fats do? - -*Store energy molecules
*Act as a cushion and insulator
-Polyunsaturated fats - -Many double bonds preventing it from tightly packing
-Hydrogenation - -Process that adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fats to make it solid
-Trans Fats - -Produced by incomplete hydrogenation
-Micronutrients - -Needed in small quantities
-Diffusion - -Movement of molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration
-Passive transport - -Diffusion of small hydrophobic molecules without energy
