PSCH 242 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Define Between-Subject design - Answer -Different individuals participate in each
condition of the experiment (no overlap of participants across conditions)
What is another name for between-subject design? - Answer -Independent groups
design
How many groups are needed for between-subject design? - Answer -At least two
different groups
T or F: independent groups/between subject design can be either true or quasi
experiment - Answer -True
What does it mean when something is a true experimental design? - Answer -It has a
control group and random assignment
What type of of experiment is it when participants are assigned based on
age/gender/ethnicity rather than randomly? - Answer -Quasi experiment
What type of variables are found in experimental studies? - Answer -IV, DV, and
confounds/extraneous
Fill in the blank: _____________ design is the only way to establish
________________ relationship - Answer -experimental, causal
What variable is the only that the experimenter manipulates on purpose? - Answer -
Independent variable
How many groups/levels do independent variables need? - Answer -At least TWO
(control and treatment/experimental)
T or F: There could be more than one treatment group for an IV - Answer -True
T or F: In psychology research, IV typically includes physiological, experiential, or
stimulus variables - Answer -True
Which variables change as a function of the level of the IV? - Answer -Dependent
variable
Fill in the blank: dependent variables are measured as a(n) ______________. - Answer
-outcome
, T or F: There is a limit with the number of dependent variables in an experiment. -
Answer -False
You can have as many DVs as you want as long as you have at least one!
What is a confounding/extraneous variable? - Answer -Factors that can have
UNINTENDED INFLUENCE on the experiment's results
What is internal validity? - Answer -Whether the study accurately answers the research
question without biases
What are the advantages to block randomization? - Answer -- creates equally sized
groups
- Controls for time-related events that occur during the course of the experiment
Define stratified randomization - Answer -Differentiate participants into stratas first
according to PARTICIPANT CHARACTERISTICS
What are the reasons for stratification in stratified randomization? (2) - Answer --
handle larger sample sizes more conveniently
- participant characteristics can be related to the experiment outcome
Define matched groups design - Answer -Researchers select 1 or 2 individual
differences variables as the matching criteria
What is the procedure of matched groups design? (3 steps) - Answer -1) Researches
select matching variable (Related to outcome of dependent variable)
2) Match groups based on identical or similar scores
3) Randomly assign participants within each match to different IV conditions
T or F: Match pairs in matched groups design can only consist of TWO people -
Answer -False
Match groups can be triples, quadruples, etc.
What is the difference between stratified randomization and matched-group design? -
Answer -Matched groups design deals with VERY SMALl sample sizes while stratified
randomization deals with large samples
- for matched groups, each participant can ONLY participate if there is a match for them
What are the 3 threats to internal validity? - Answer -1) Selective subject loss
2) Uncontrolled demand characteristics or experimenter effect
3) Other uncontrolled extraneous variables
Define Between-Subject design - Answer -Different individuals participate in each
condition of the experiment (no overlap of participants across conditions)
What is another name for between-subject design? - Answer -Independent groups
design
How many groups are needed for between-subject design? - Answer -At least two
different groups
T or F: independent groups/between subject design can be either true or quasi
experiment - Answer -True
What does it mean when something is a true experimental design? - Answer -It has a
control group and random assignment
What type of of experiment is it when participants are assigned based on
age/gender/ethnicity rather than randomly? - Answer -Quasi experiment
What type of variables are found in experimental studies? - Answer -IV, DV, and
confounds/extraneous
Fill in the blank: _____________ design is the only way to establish
________________ relationship - Answer -experimental, causal
What variable is the only that the experimenter manipulates on purpose? - Answer -
Independent variable
How many groups/levels do independent variables need? - Answer -At least TWO
(control and treatment/experimental)
T or F: There could be more than one treatment group for an IV - Answer -True
T or F: In psychology research, IV typically includes physiological, experiential, or
stimulus variables - Answer -True
Which variables change as a function of the level of the IV? - Answer -Dependent
variable
Fill in the blank: dependent variables are measured as a(n) ______________. - Answer
-outcome
, T or F: There is a limit with the number of dependent variables in an experiment. -
Answer -False
You can have as many DVs as you want as long as you have at least one!
What is a confounding/extraneous variable? - Answer -Factors that can have
UNINTENDED INFLUENCE on the experiment's results
What is internal validity? - Answer -Whether the study accurately answers the research
question without biases
What are the advantages to block randomization? - Answer -- creates equally sized
groups
- Controls for time-related events that occur during the course of the experiment
Define stratified randomization - Answer -Differentiate participants into stratas first
according to PARTICIPANT CHARACTERISTICS
What are the reasons for stratification in stratified randomization? (2) - Answer --
handle larger sample sizes more conveniently
- participant characteristics can be related to the experiment outcome
Define matched groups design - Answer -Researchers select 1 or 2 individual
differences variables as the matching criteria
What is the procedure of matched groups design? (3 steps) - Answer -1) Researches
select matching variable (Related to outcome of dependent variable)
2) Match groups based on identical or similar scores
3) Randomly assign participants within each match to different IV conditions
T or F: Match pairs in matched groups design can only consist of TWO people -
Answer -False
Match groups can be triples, quadruples, etc.
What is the difference between stratified randomization and matched-group design? -
Answer -Matched groups design deals with VERY SMALl sample sizes while stratified
randomization deals with large samples
- for matched groups, each participant can ONLY participate if there is a match for them
What are the 3 threats to internal validity? - Answer -1) Selective subject loss
2) Uncontrolled demand characteristics or experimenter effect
3) Other uncontrolled extraneous variables
