BSC2011 Exam 4 (Lowery) |386 questions and
Answers
What are the 3 key aspects of animal body plans discussed in this chapter? - -- Symmetry
and body plans
- Bioenergetics and Thermoregulation
- Tissues
-In Bilateral symmetry, what is the only plane that can equally divide the animal in half? - -
sagittal plane
-Small, unicellular organisms get nutrients through what? - -diffusion
-What is cell size constrained by? - -surface area-to- volume ratio
-Larger organisms don't have larger cells, they have.... - -more cells (multicellular)
-What is bioenergetics? - -study of energy relationships in living organisms
-What is used to fuel anabolic reactions in the animal body? - -Energy from nutrients
-What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? - -Average amount of energy used by an organism in
a non-active state
-What is excess energy given off as? - -Heat
-Smaller endothermic organisms have a ________ BMR than larger ones - -higher
(compensates heat lost from large surface area)
-Active animals have a __________ BMR than inactive ones - -higher
-What is the aim of homeostasis? - -to maintain internal conditions around a set point
-What is Acclimatization? - -changes in one organ system to maintain a set point in
another organ system (altitude example)
-What does negative feedback do? - -Counteracts any internal changes (reverses the
direction of the change)
- homeostasis
-- Temperature
-- Glucose
-- pH
-- Blood Calcium
, -What does positive feedback do? - -reinforces and potentially strengthens the response to
a stimulus
- Oh yeah?
-- Oxytocin - parturition (childbirth)
-- Blood clotting
-heat produced + heat transferred= ? - -Body temperature
-Thermoregulatory control is in the ________________ on vertebrates - -hypothalamus
-What are 4 methods of thermoregulation? - -- Radiation
- Evaporation
- Conduction
- Convection
-In maintaining temperature, what is radiation? - -The transfer of heat by electromagnetic
(infrared) radiation.
- Transferred into or from body.
-In maintaining temperature, what is conduction? - -The direct transfer of heat between
two objects.
- Energy is transferred
from hotter objects to colder ones.
-In maintaining temperature, what is convection? - -the transfer of heat brought about by
the movement of a gas or liquid.
-In maintaining temperature, what is evaporation? - -Heat of vaporization or the amount
of energy needed to change them from a liquid to a gas phase
- always heat loss
-How do ectotherms regulate temperature? - -through behavior
-When it comes to regulating temperature, endotherms create what? - -internal metabolic
heat
-What is heat transfer controlled by in endotherms? - -amount of blood flow to the surface
of the animal
-What are the 4 main types of tissues? - -- Epithelia
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
-What do Epithelia tissues do? - -Line cavities, open spaces, and surfaces
, -What do connective tissues do? - -- Connect tissues together
- provide support
-What do muscle tissues do? - -Generate movement
-What do nervous tissues do? - -Generate and send electrical signals
-Within Epithelia, what is simple, stratified and pseudostratified? - -- Simple: one layer
- Stratified: multiple layers
- Pseudostratified: one layer but looks like multiple layers
-Within Epithelia, what are squamous cells? - -flat, irregular round shape
-Within Epithelia, what are cuboidal cells? - -cube shaped, central nucleus
-Within Epithelia, what are columnar cells? - -tall, narrow, nucleus toward base or along
cell
-Within Epithelia, what are transitional cells? - -round, simple, appear stratified
-Where can simple squamous epithelial cells be found? (3) - -- lung alveoli
- capillaries
- lines blood vessels (endothelium)
-Where can stratified squamous cells be found? (3) - -- skin
- mouth
- vagina
-Where can cuboidal cells be found? - -- glands
- renal (kidney) tubules (simple)
-Where can simple columnar cells be found? - -- digestive tract (unciiated)
- Bronchi (ciliated)
-Where can pseudostratified columnar cells be found? - -upper respiratory tract
-Where can transitional cells be found? - -urinary bladder
-Connective tissues consist of cells, known as __________, embedded in a non- cellular ______. -
-- fibroblasts
- matrix
-Matrixes are usually composed of a _______ __________, which helps in categorizing
connective tissue. - -ground substance
Answers
What are the 3 key aspects of animal body plans discussed in this chapter? - -- Symmetry
and body plans
- Bioenergetics and Thermoregulation
- Tissues
-In Bilateral symmetry, what is the only plane that can equally divide the animal in half? - -
sagittal plane
-Small, unicellular organisms get nutrients through what? - -diffusion
-What is cell size constrained by? - -surface area-to- volume ratio
-Larger organisms don't have larger cells, they have.... - -more cells (multicellular)
-What is bioenergetics? - -study of energy relationships in living organisms
-What is used to fuel anabolic reactions in the animal body? - -Energy from nutrients
-What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? - -Average amount of energy used by an organism in
a non-active state
-What is excess energy given off as? - -Heat
-Smaller endothermic organisms have a ________ BMR than larger ones - -higher
(compensates heat lost from large surface area)
-Active animals have a __________ BMR than inactive ones - -higher
-What is the aim of homeostasis? - -to maintain internal conditions around a set point
-What is Acclimatization? - -changes in one organ system to maintain a set point in
another organ system (altitude example)
-What does negative feedback do? - -Counteracts any internal changes (reverses the
direction of the change)
- homeostasis
-- Temperature
-- Glucose
-- pH
-- Blood Calcium
, -What does positive feedback do? - -reinforces and potentially strengthens the response to
a stimulus
- Oh yeah?
-- Oxytocin - parturition (childbirth)
-- Blood clotting
-heat produced + heat transferred= ? - -Body temperature
-Thermoregulatory control is in the ________________ on vertebrates - -hypothalamus
-What are 4 methods of thermoregulation? - -- Radiation
- Evaporation
- Conduction
- Convection
-In maintaining temperature, what is radiation? - -The transfer of heat by electromagnetic
(infrared) radiation.
- Transferred into or from body.
-In maintaining temperature, what is conduction? - -The direct transfer of heat between
two objects.
- Energy is transferred
from hotter objects to colder ones.
-In maintaining temperature, what is convection? - -the transfer of heat brought about by
the movement of a gas or liquid.
-In maintaining temperature, what is evaporation? - -Heat of vaporization or the amount
of energy needed to change them from a liquid to a gas phase
- always heat loss
-How do ectotherms regulate temperature? - -through behavior
-When it comes to regulating temperature, endotherms create what? - -internal metabolic
heat
-What is heat transfer controlled by in endotherms? - -amount of blood flow to the surface
of the animal
-What are the 4 main types of tissues? - -- Epithelia
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
-What do Epithelia tissues do? - -Line cavities, open spaces, and surfaces
, -What do connective tissues do? - -- Connect tissues together
- provide support
-What do muscle tissues do? - -Generate movement
-What do nervous tissues do? - -Generate and send electrical signals
-Within Epithelia, what is simple, stratified and pseudostratified? - -- Simple: one layer
- Stratified: multiple layers
- Pseudostratified: one layer but looks like multiple layers
-Within Epithelia, what are squamous cells? - -flat, irregular round shape
-Within Epithelia, what are cuboidal cells? - -cube shaped, central nucleus
-Within Epithelia, what are columnar cells? - -tall, narrow, nucleus toward base or along
cell
-Within Epithelia, what are transitional cells? - -round, simple, appear stratified
-Where can simple squamous epithelial cells be found? (3) - -- lung alveoli
- capillaries
- lines blood vessels (endothelium)
-Where can stratified squamous cells be found? (3) - -- skin
- mouth
- vagina
-Where can cuboidal cells be found? - -- glands
- renal (kidney) tubules (simple)
-Where can simple columnar cells be found? - -- digestive tract (unciiated)
- Bronchi (ciliated)
-Where can pseudostratified columnar cells be found? - -upper respiratory tract
-Where can transitional cells be found? - -urinary bladder
-Connective tissues consist of cells, known as __________, embedded in a non- cellular ______. -
-- fibroblasts
- matrix
-Matrixes are usually composed of a _______ __________, which helps in categorizing
connective tissue. - -ground substance
