Page 1 of 89
NEW AP PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2: COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY NEW MODIFFIED EXAM GRADED
A+ TESTED AND APPROVED!!!
Framing -- ANSWER--the way an issue is posed; can significantly affect
decisions and judgments.
functional fixedness -- ANSWER--the tendency to perceive an item only in
terms of its most common use
G-factor -- ANSWER--A general ability, proposed by Spearman as the main
factor underlying all intelligent mental activity
factor analysis -- ANSWER--a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of
related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that
underlie a person's total score.
short-term memory -- ANSWER--activated memory that holds a few items
briefly before the information is stored or forgotten
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working memory -- ANSWER--a newer understanding of short-term memory
that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and
visualspatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
semantic memory -- ANSWER--memory of general knowledge and information
episodic memory -- ANSWER--the collection of past personal experiences that
occurred at a particular time and place
memory consolidation -- ANSWER--the gradual, physical process of converting
new long-term memories to stable, enduring memory codes
parallel processing -- ANSWER--the processing of many aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many
functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing
of most computers and of conscious problem solving.
primacy effect -- ANSWER--tendency to remember words at the beginning of a
list especially well
recall -- ANSWER--A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve
information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
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recency effect -- ANSWER--tendency to remember words at the end of a list
especially well
infantile amnesia -- ANSWER--inability of adults to remember personal
experiences that took place before an early age; usually age 4
iconic memory -- ANSWER--a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a
photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a
second
explicit memory -- ANSWER--memory of facts and experiences that one can
consciously know and "declare"
echoic memory -- ANSWER--a momentary sensory memory of auditory
stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3
or 4 seconds
Encoding -- ANSWER--the processing of information so that it can be stored
, Page 4 of 89
implicit memory -- ANSWER--retention of learned skills or classically
conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection; processed
automatically
long-term memory -- ANSWER--the relatively permanent and limitless
storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
method of loci -- ANSWER--A mnemonic technique that involves associating
items on a list with a sequence of familiar physical locations
recognition -- ANSWER--a measure of memory in which the person need only
identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
Retrieval -- ANSWER--the process of getting information out of memory
storage
flashbulb memory -- ANSWER--A clear and vivid long-term memory of an
especially meaningful and emotional event.
LTP -- ANSWER--an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid
stimulation; believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory;
strengthening of neural networks
NEW AP PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2: COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY NEW MODIFFIED EXAM GRADED
A+ TESTED AND APPROVED!!!
Framing -- ANSWER--the way an issue is posed; can significantly affect
decisions and judgments.
functional fixedness -- ANSWER--the tendency to perceive an item only in
terms of its most common use
G-factor -- ANSWER--A general ability, proposed by Spearman as the main
factor underlying all intelligent mental activity
factor analysis -- ANSWER--a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of
related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that
underlie a person's total score.
short-term memory -- ANSWER--activated memory that holds a few items
briefly before the information is stored or forgotten
,Page 2 of 89
working memory -- ANSWER--a newer understanding of short-term memory
that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and
visualspatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
semantic memory -- ANSWER--memory of general knowledge and information
episodic memory -- ANSWER--the collection of past personal experiences that
occurred at a particular time and place
memory consolidation -- ANSWER--the gradual, physical process of converting
new long-term memories to stable, enduring memory codes
parallel processing -- ANSWER--the processing of many aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many
functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing
of most computers and of conscious problem solving.
primacy effect -- ANSWER--tendency to remember words at the beginning of a
list especially well
recall -- ANSWER--A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve
information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
,Page 3 of 89
recency effect -- ANSWER--tendency to remember words at the end of a list
especially well
infantile amnesia -- ANSWER--inability of adults to remember personal
experiences that took place before an early age; usually age 4
iconic memory -- ANSWER--a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a
photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a
second
explicit memory -- ANSWER--memory of facts and experiences that one can
consciously know and "declare"
echoic memory -- ANSWER--a momentary sensory memory of auditory
stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3
or 4 seconds
Encoding -- ANSWER--the processing of information so that it can be stored
, Page 4 of 89
implicit memory -- ANSWER--retention of learned skills or classically
conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection; processed
automatically
long-term memory -- ANSWER--the relatively permanent and limitless
storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
method of loci -- ANSWER--A mnemonic technique that involves associating
items on a list with a sequence of familiar physical locations
recognition -- ANSWER--a measure of memory in which the person need only
identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
Retrieval -- ANSWER--the process of getting information out of memory
storage
flashbulb memory -- ANSWER--A clear and vivid long-term memory of an
especially meaningful and emotional event.
LTP -- ANSWER--an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid
stimulation; believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory;
strengthening of neural networks
