Page 1 of 44
NEW COMD 5070 EXAM 1 Q&A NEWLY
MODIFIED TESTED AND APPROVED
In order to perceive low amplitude sounds at low frequency as the same
loudness as higher frequency sounds.... -- ANSWER--have to be adjusted up a
lot for them to be perceived as the same loudness as the original sound
at high intensity, -- ANSWER--the sounds seem to be equal in loudness to
intensity.
general rule is that a 6-10 dB increase -- ANSWER--is generally perceived as
double as loud
Frequency Difference limen -- ANSWER--smallest change in frequency that is
detectable by a listener. As frequency increases, the DL becomes much greater
Intensity Difference limen -- ANSWER--as intensity decreases, Dls become
larger
How does duration influence perception of loudness? -- ANSWER--The longer
the sound, the more audible it becomes. The more sound energy ( intensity or
1
, Page 2 of 44
frequency, the more audible it becomes) Kind of like baking a cake; increase the
temp, decrease the time to a certain point.
When a fundamental is deleted: -- ANSWER--the brain compensates because in
a harmonic series, the frequencies are separated at even intervals and your brain
can fill in the missing portion. There is a qualitative difference but most people
perceive the notes as being the same as with the fundamental frequency by
filling in the missing fundamental.
how many semitones in one octave -- ANSWER--12. each semitone is a
nonlinear step in terms of # of Hz from one semitone to the next. However, they
all sound equal to us.
Octave -- ANSWER--a doubling or halving of the frequency. Up one octave,
you double, down one octave, you half the frequency.
A person's ability to go from soft to loud varies depending : -- ANSWER--On
pitch
VRP -- ANSWER--measures dynamic range, from lowest to highest intensity
across a number of intensities
, Page 3 of 44
How is VRP computed -- ANSWER--by finding out a person's fundamental
frequency and highest pitch and 10 points between, then getting the min and
max intensity at each pitch, plot the data on a chart and you can examine the
area and shape to compare them to other VRPs
What does the VRP show? -- ANSWER--You can see lowest dB and highest dB
ouputs, as well as low and high frequencies. You can also see that fundamental
frequency increases tend to be associated with amplitude increases because as
frequency increases, more pressure is required to produce the sound
simplest sound -- ANSWER--pure tone (sine wave)
Pitch -- ANSWER--the subjective measure of frequency; you cannot measure
pitch with an instrument. You can have people match pitch perception to
frequencies.
Intensity -- ANSWER--amplitude or size of a sound.Adjusting volume, is
adjusting the physical intensity of sound.
How can acoustics help? -- ANSWER--acoustics can tell us a lot about what is
going on that can't be seen. Acoustics is a way of using quantitative measures to
3
, Page 4 of 44
to describe a physical phenomenon, rather than relying on our human
impressions
Why do SLPs use technology -- ANSWER--1) Overcome listener bias -
computer isn't influenced by what it has heard before. It is a consistent, reliable
measure.
2) Describe severity objectively - standardizes measures of speech
3) Track progress over time - helps demonstrate treatment efficacy
4) Helps to comply with ASHA's focus on EBP - provides hard data to measure
rather than just gut feelings about progress based on experience.
5) Biofeedback- computer display in real time - ex: visipitch shows intonations
on screen in real time, shows them progress as they speak, better than playing
back a recording.
4 features of the scientific method -- ANSWER--1) Science is empirical- we
collect data and interpret it (based on data)
2) Science is Deterministic - Things are not random. Because of cause and
effect, we can draw generalizations from the data that we have and
extrapolate
3) Science is predictive - if you do this, then that will happen.
4) Science is parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible, try to
describe things in economical terms so we can understand it. Use the
simplest terms possible, but no simpler.
NEW COMD 5070 EXAM 1 Q&A NEWLY
MODIFIED TESTED AND APPROVED
In order to perceive low amplitude sounds at low frequency as the same
loudness as higher frequency sounds.... -- ANSWER--have to be adjusted up a
lot for them to be perceived as the same loudness as the original sound
at high intensity, -- ANSWER--the sounds seem to be equal in loudness to
intensity.
general rule is that a 6-10 dB increase -- ANSWER--is generally perceived as
double as loud
Frequency Difference limen -- ANSWER--smallest change in frequency that is
detectable by a listener. As frequency increases, the DL becomes much greater
Intensity Difference limen -- ANSWER--as intensity decreases, Dls become
larger
How does duration influence perception of loudness? -- ANSWER--The longer
the sound, the more audible it becomes. The more sound energy ( intensity or
1
, Page 2 of 44
frequency, the more audible it becomes) Kind of like baking a cake; increase the
temp, decrease the time to a certain point.
When a fundamental is deleted: -- ANSWER--the brain compensates because in
a harmonic series, the frequencies are separated at even intervals and your brain
can fill in the missing portion. There is a qualitative difference but most people
perceive the notes as being the same as with the fundamental frequency by
filling in the missing fundamental.
how many semitones in one octave -- ANSWER--12. each semitone is a
nonlinear step in terms of # of Hz from one semitone to the next. However, they
all sound equal to us.
Octave -- ANSWER--a doubling or halving of the frequency. Up one octave,
you double, down one octave, you half the frequency.
A person's ability to go from soft to loud varies depending : -- ANSWER--On
pitch
VRP -- ANSWER--measures dynamic range, from lowest to highest intensity
across a number of intensities
, Page 3 of 44
How is VRP computed -- ANSWER--by finding out a person's fundamental
frequency and highest pitch and 10 points between, then getting the min and
max intensity at each pitch, plot the data on a chart and you can examine the
area and shape to compare them to other VRPs
What does the VRP show? -- ANSWER--You can see lowest dB and highest dB
ouputs, as well as low and high frequencies. You can also see that fundamental
frequency increases tend to be associated with amplitude increases because as
frequency increases, more pressure is required to produce the sound
simplest sound -- ANSWER--pure tone (sine wave)
Pitch -- ANSWER--the subjective measure of frequency; you cannot measure
pitch with an instrument. You can have people match pitch perception to
frequencies.
Intensity -- ANSWER--amplitude or size of a sound.Adjusting volume, is
adjusting the physical intensity of sound.
How can acoustics help? -- ANSWER--acoustics can tell us a lot about what is
going on that can't be seen. Acoustics is a way of using quantitative measures to
3
, Page 4 of 44
to describe a physical phenomenon, rather than relying on our human
impressions
Why do SLPs use technology -- ANSWER--1) Overcome listener bias -
computer isn't influenced by what it has heard before. It is a consistent, reliable
measure.
2) Describe severity objectively - standardizes measures of speech
3) Track progress over time - helps demonstrate treatment efficacy
4) Helps to comply with ASHA's focus on EBP - provides hard data to measure
rather than just gut feelings about progress based on experience.
5) Biofeedback- computer display in real time - ex: visipitch shows intonations
on screen in real time, shows them progress as they speak, better than playing
back a recording.
4 features of the scientific method -- ANSWER--1) Science is empirical- we
collect data and interpret it (based on data)
2) Science is Deterministic - Things are not random. Because of cause and
effect, we can draw generalizations from the data that we have and
extrapolate
3) Science is predictive - if you do this, then that will happen.
4) Science is parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible, try to
describe things in economical terms so we can understand it. Use the
simplest terms possible, but no simpler.
