WGU D027
Course Material Questions from the end of the Units, as
well as the Unit Quizzes With Verified Answers
1. Which of the following is not a cellular function ANS : Combustion -
All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of energy, excrete waste and
by-products of those processes, and reproduce to continue offspring. Pyrotechnic
processes (i.e. combustion) are generally metaphorical.
2. What are mitochondria responsible for ANS : Energy production -
Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible for
themajor metabolic processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
3. Which if the following can cause edema ANS : Increased lymphatic
pressure - Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in
the move-ment and accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased
plasma pres- sure in the vascular results in hypertension, while increased
lymphatic pressure willreadily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into
third spaces (i.e. edema).
4. Which of the following best describes the result of cellular
reproduction ANS : -
Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two daughter
cellsafter the completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the longest period
that a cell spends its life cycle and is the preparatory stage before cellular
reproduction. Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the opposing
,centromeres of thecell, followed by telophase.
5. What indicates hypokalemia ANS : Serum K decreases to less than 3.5 -
Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5-5.5 mEq/L,
with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3 mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing,
age,and other potential patient-specific conditions and variations. Alterations in
fluid volume or the administration of a supplement alone do not necessarily
contribute to the development of hypokalemia.
6. What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy ANS :
Uterine enlarge-ment due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while
hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a
change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal
solid organ capable of regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia).
During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more cells and enlarge those
existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
7. What regulates the sodium balance ANS : Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the
kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
,8. What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than
normal?-
: Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the
extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or
normotonicstates are a balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid
volumes. Hyper- tonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF
above normal.
9. When in excess, what do buffers absorb ANS : Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH ), are absorbed for the purpose
maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
10. Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis
have ANS : pHbelow 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds
that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
11. What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of
polypeptides?-
: Translation -
Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is
synthesized. Mutation means genetic material has been modified through inheri-
tance. Creation is a term that does not apply in this context.
12. What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease ANS :
50% -
For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the disease, the chance
of each child being heterozygous affected is 50%.
, 13. Which of the following statements is true about autosomal
recessive dis-ease ANS : It affects both men and women equally -
A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disease is that
men and women will be affected by it in equal measure.
14. What is the proportion of the population affected by a disease
at thespecific point in time ANS : Prevalence rate -
Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a disease within a period
of time divided by the number of the population's individuals. The prevalence rate
isaffected by the incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk
factoris anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the measure of a risk
factor effect.
15. Which of the following should be completed when a disease is
multifacto-rial but has a larger genetic component ANS : Get a thorough
family history - Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but
diseases such as breast cancer are hereditary, so the family history should be
reviewed.
16. Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process ANS :
To destroyforeign, invasive microorganisms -
The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruction of foreign or
Course Material Questions from the end of the Units, as
well as the Unit Quizzes With Verified Answers
1. Which of the following is not a cellular function ANS : Combustion -
All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of energy, excrete waste and
by-products of those processes, and reproduce to continue offspring. Pyrotechnic
processes (i.e. combustion) are generally metaphorical.
2. What are mitochondria responsible for ANS : Energy production -
Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible for
themajor metabolic processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
3. Which if the following can cause edema ANS : Increased lymphatic
pressure - Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in
the move-ment and accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased
plasma pres- sure in the vascular results in hypertension, while increased
lymphatic pressure willreadily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into
third spaces (i.e. edema).
4. Which of the following best describes the result of cellular
reproduction ANS : -
Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two daughter
cellsafter the completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the longest period
that a cell spends its life cycle and is the preparatory stage before cellular
reproduction. Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the opposing
,centromeres of thecell, followed by telophase.
5. What indicates hypokalemia ANS : Serum K decreases to less than 3.5 -
Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5-5.5 mEq/L,
with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3 mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing,
age,and other potential patient-specific conditions and variations. Alterations in
fluid volume or the administration of a supplement alone do not necessarily
contribute to the development of hypokalemia.
6. What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy ANS :
Uterine enlarge-ment due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while
hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a
change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal
solid organ capable of regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia).
During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more cells and enlarge those
existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
7. What regulates the sodium balance ANS : Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the
kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
,8. What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than
normal?-
: Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the
extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or
normotonicstates are a balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid
volumes. Hyper- tonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF
above normal.
9. When in excess, what do buffers absorb ANS : Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH ), are absorbed for the purpose
maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
10. Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis
have ANS : pHbelow 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds
that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
11. What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of
polypeptides?-
: Translation -
Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is
synthesized. Mutation means genetic material has been modified through inheri-
tance. Creation is a term that does not apply in this context.
12. What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease ANS :
50% -
For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the disease, the chance
of each child being heterozygous affected is 50%.
, 13. Which of the following statements is true about autosomal
recessive dis-ease ANS : It affects both men and women equally -
A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disease is that
men and women will be affected by it in equal measure.
14. What is the proportion of the population affected by a disease
at thespecific point in time ANS : Prevalence rate -
Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a disease within a period
of time divided by the number of the population's individuals. The prevalence rate
isaffected by the incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk
factoris anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the measure of a risk
factor effect.
15. Which of the following should be completed when a disease is
multifacto-rial but has a larger genetic component ANS : Get a thorough
family history - Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but
diseases such as breast cancer are hereditary, so the family history should be
reviewed.
16. Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process ANS :
To destroyforeign, invasive microorganisms -
The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruction of foreign or
