Hesi Anatomy and Physiology
Reviewed Questions with Correct
Answers
homeostasis Answer : body's maintenance of a stable environment
receptors Answer : molecule or cell that provides information about the
environment
control center (and set point) Answer : indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
effectors Answer : What elicits a response that alters conditions within the
body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
negative feedback Answer : When receptors measure deviations from the set
point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point
and effectors gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and
balance is called .........
positive feedback Answer : Homeostatic mechanisms that function when
changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing
more changes, is called....... (examples are blood clotting and labor
contractions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism Answer : Levels of
organization
organelle Answer : Cell components that perform a specific function
cells Answer : Basic unit of structure and function
tissues Answer : Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have
specific functions
,organs Answer : Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of
tissues)
Organ systems Answer : Groups of organs that function together closely
Organism Answer : Comprised of an interacting organ system
superior Answer : above, or closer to the head
inferior Answer : below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral) Answer : Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal) Answer : Toward the back
medial Answer : Toward the midline
lateral Answer : Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
Median (saggital) plane Answer : Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
right and left portions
Coronal/Frontal plane Answer : Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (cross-sectional) Answer : Imaginary horizontal line dividing the
body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back) Answer : Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity Answer : Cavity that contains the brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral) Answer : Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and
abdominopelvic (peritoneal) Answer : Ventral cavities (near the front of the body)
orbits Answer : Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles
and nerves
Nasal cavity Answer : Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the
nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
, Oral cavity Answer : Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
thoracic cavity Answer : Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
Mediastinum Answer : Space between the lungs that contains the heart,
esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Pericardial cavity Answer : Potential space between the visceral pericardium
and the parietal pericardium
middle ear cavities Answer : Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
Pleural cavities (lungs) Answer : Cavities (right and left) that are the potential
space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes
Abdominopelvic cavity Answer : Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the
floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large
intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
Peritoneal cavity Answer : Cavity that is the potential space between the parietal
and visceral peritoneal membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral
is the inside layer, covering the lung) Answer : Body cavity membrane:
which is a serous membrane that lines the lungs
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer which lines the mediastinum, visceral
is the inside layer, covering the heart) Answer : Body cavity membrane:
which serous membrane lines the heart?
Peritoneal membranes (parietal is the outside layer which lines the cavity,
visceral is the inside layer, lining the organs) Answer : Body cavity membrane:
Which serous membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissue Answer : Four major tissue
types
epithelial Answer : Which type of tissue is found throughout the body and
covers the body, lines organs, found in the inner lining of body cavities and
hollow organs?
epithelial Answer : Which type of tissue always has an apical (free) surface
exposed to an open space (inside or outside)?
Reviewed Questions with Correct
Answers
homeostasis Answer : body's maintenance of a stable environment
receptors Answer : molecule or cell that provides information about the
environment
control center (and set point) Answer : indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
effectors Answer : What elicits a response that alters conditions within the
body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
negative feedback Answer : When receptors measure deviations from the set
point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point
and effectors gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and
balance is called .........
positive feedback Answer : Homeostatic mechanisms that function when
changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing
more changes, is called....... (examples are blood clotting and labor
contractions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism Answer : Levels of
organization
organelle Answer : Cell components that perform a specific function
cells Answer : Basic unit of structure and function
tissues Answer : Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have
specific functions
,organs Answer : Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of
tissues)
Organ systems Answer : Groups of organs that function together closely
Organism Answer : Comprised of an interacting organ system
superior Answer : above, or closer to the head
inferior Answer : below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral) Answer : Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal) Answer : Toward the back
medial Answer : Toward the midline
lateral Answer : Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
Median (saggital) plane Answer : Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
right and left portions
Coronal/Frontal plane Answer : Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (cross-sectional) Answer : Imaginary horizontal line dividing the
body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back) Answer : Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity Answer : Cavity that contains the brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral) Answer : Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and
abdominopelvic (peritoneal) Answer : Ventral cavities (near the front of the body)
orbits Answer : Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles
and nerves
Nasal cavity Answer : Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the
nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
, Oral cavity Answer : Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
thoracic cavity Answer : Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
Mediastinum Answer : Space between the lungs that contains the heart,
esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Pericardial cavity Answer : Potential space between the visceral pericardium
and the parietal pericardium
middle ear cavities Answer : Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
Pleural cavities (lungs) Answer : Cavities (right and left) that are the potential
space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes
Abdominopelvic cavity Answer : Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the
floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large
intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
Peritoneal cavity Answer : Cavity that is the potential space between the parietal
and visceral peritoneal membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral
is the inside layer, covering the lung) Answer : Body cavity membrane:
which is a serous membrane that lines the lungs
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer which lines the mediastinum, visceral
is the inside layer, covering the heart) Answer : Body cavity membrane:
which serous membrane lines the heart?
Peritoneal membranes (parietal is the outside layer which lines the cavity,
visceral is the inside layer, lining the organs) Answer : Body cavity membrane:
Which serous membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissue Answer : Four major tissue
types
epithelial Answer : Which type of tissue is found throughout the body and
covers the body, lines organs, found in the inner lining of body cavities and
hollow organs?
epithelial Answer : Which type of tissue always has an apical (free) surface
exposed to an open space (inside or outside)?
