NR442
NR 442 - Exam 1 Community Health Study
Guide Questions and Answers Graded A+
2025-2026
Community
- a group of people who share something in common and interact with one
another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may share a
geographic boundary
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice
- Community
- Individual
- System
System/group Level of Practice Example
community health nurse working with the state health department and federal
vaccine program to coordinate a response to an outbreak of measles in a migrant
population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example
public health nurses working with area high schools to give each student a profile
of his or her health to promote nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to
improve the student's health.
Individual Level of Practice Example
nurse receives a referral to care for an individual with a diagnosed mental illness
who would require regular monitoring of his medication compliance to prevent
rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health
NR442
,NR442
- assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention
- prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention
- early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention
- correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health?
PREVENTION
What is the main focus of Medicine?
disease management and diagnosis
Childhood Obesity
- focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
- education
What causes more than half of Premature Deaths?
behavior and environment reasons
What has the greatest influence on Community Health?
behavioral choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle?
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- agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle
- depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an agent, the strength or
virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Web of Causation
illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal variables
Incidence Rate
describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community
over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that disease
or condition during that same time period.
Prevalence Rate
the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given
point in time relative to the population at the same point in time
Endemic
Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and pneumonia)
Epidemic
Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on occasion (e.g.,
diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic
The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a global epidemic
(e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and
annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence)
chronic always has a higher prevalence than acute disease
NR442
, NR442
Passive Immunity
- natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or
through colostrum and breast milk
Active Immunity
- Natural contact and infection with the antigen
- acquiring measles
Leading Cause of Preventable Death
- smoking
- alcohol
- lifestyle choices
Herd Immunity
those not immune to an infectious agent are protected if a certain proportion of
the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune
Primary Failure of Vaccines
- failure of a vaccine to stimulate any immune response
- caused by improper storage that may render the vaccine ineffective, improper
administration route, or exposure of a light-sensitive vaccine to light.
ANA - Code of Ethics
promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation to positively
affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care.
Social Justice
- Mission of Public Health
- entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health
protection and accepts collective burdens to make it possible.
High Walk Ability Communities
NR442
NR 442 - Exam 1 Community Health Study
Guide Questions and Answers Graded A+
2025-2026
Community
- a group of people who share something in common and interact with one
another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may share a
geographic boundary
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice
- Community
- Individual
- System
System/group Level of Practice Example
community health nurse working with the state health department and federal
vaccine program to coordinate a response to an outbreak of measles in a migrant
population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example
public health nurses working with area high schools to give each student a profile
of his or her health to promote nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to
improve the student's health.
Individual Level of Practice Example
nurse receives a referral to care for an individual with a diagnosed mental illness
who would require regular monitoring of his medication compliance to prevent
rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health
NR442
,NR442
- assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention
- prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention
- early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention
- correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health?
PREVENTION
What is the main focus of Medicine?
disease management and diagnosis
Childhood Obesity
- focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
- education
What causes more than half of Premature Deaths?
behavior and environment reasons
What has the greatest influence on Community Health?
behavioral choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle?
NR442
,NR442
- agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle
- depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an agent, the strength or
virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Web of Causation
illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal variables
Incidence Rate
describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community
over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that disease
or condition during that same time period.
Prevalence Rate
the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given
point in time relative to the population at the same point in time
Endemic
Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and pneumonia)
Epidemic
Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on occasion (e.g.,
diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic
The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a global epidemic
(e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and
annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence)
chronic always has a higher prevalence than acute disease
NR442
, NR442
Passive Immunity
- natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or
through colostrum and breast milk
Active Immunity
- Natural contact and infection with the antigen
- acquiring measles
Leading Cause of Preventable Death
- smoking
- alcohol
- lifestyle choices
Herd Immunity
those not immune to an infectious agent are protected if a certain proportion of
the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune
Primary Failure of Vaccines
- failure of a vaccine to stimulate any immune response
- caused by improper storage that may render the vaccine ineffective, improper
administration route, or exposure of a light-sensitive vaccine to light.
ANA - Code of Ethics
promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation to positively
affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care.
Social Justice
- Mission of Public Health
- entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health
protection and accepts collective burdens to make it possible.
High Walk Ability Communities
NR442
