Biology 1A03 - Week 1 Test Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version 2025-2026
What makes cholesterol very hydrophobic? - Answers Its benzene ring.
What are lipid rafts and what do they contain? - Answers Sections packed with saturated fatty
acids and cholesterol, making them less permeable and less firm.
How do some animals adapt to cold environments regarding cholesterol? - Answers They have
more cholesterol and unsaturated phospholipids, aided by antifreeze proteins to produce these
molecules.
What technique is used to track proteins under a microscope? - Answers Tagging proteins with
fluorescent light.
What does the FRAP experiment determine about proteins? - Answers It visualizes lateral
mobility in the cell by observing if a bleached area regains fluorescence.
How does the fluidity of the nuclear membrane compare to the ER membrane based on FRAP
results? - Answers The nuclear membrane is much less fluid than the ER membrane.
What is the dipolar nature of water and its effect on cell membranes? - Answers Water has a
small charge that interacts with ions, hindering their ability to cross the cell wall easily.
What does amphipathic mean in the context of protein channels? - Answers It refers to
molecules having both polar and non-polar areas; the outside of protein channels is hydrophobic,
while the inside is hydrophilic.
What is simple diffusion? - Answers The movement through a membrane from high to low
concentration gradient.
What is facilitated diffusion? - Answers The movement from high to low concentration through
a protein channel without using ATP.
What is active transport? - Answers The use of ATP energy to move substances against their
concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump.
Do animal cells have chloroplasts? - Answers No, animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? - Answers Plant cells have chloroplasts.
What is the energy yield comparison between fats and carbohydrates? - Answers A molecule of
fat supplies more ATP than a molecule of carbohydrates when metabolized.
What happens to the bleached area in a FRAP experiment if the area is fluid? - Answers The
bleached area becomes fluorescent again.
What is the role of antifreeze proteins in cold-adapted animals? - Answers They help produce
,extra cholesterol and saturated phospholipids needed for survival in cold conditions.
What is the significance of the concentration gradient in facilitated diffusion? - Answers
Facilitated diffusion occurs from high to low concentration, utilizing protein channels.
How many sodium ions are pumped out and potassium ions are pumped in by the sodium-
potassium pump? - Answers Three sodium ions are pumped out and two potassium ions are
pumped in.
What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion? - Answers
Simple diffusion does not require protein channels, while facilitated diffusion does.
What is the final result of the energy production process in cells? - Answers It varies by process,
but generally involves the conversion of substrates into ATP.
What is the process of breaking down fats called? - Answers Beta-oxidation.
What type of process is fat breakdown in animals? - Answers It is an aerobic process, meaning
it consumes oxygen.
How do camels utilize the fat stored in their humps? - Answers They break it down into ATP and
produce water when needed, allowing them to survive in dehydrated situations.
What is the maximum weight of a camel's hump? - Answers Up to 80 lbs.
How much body weight in water can camels lose and still survive? - Answers 30-40%.
What do geese do to prepare for long migrations? - Answers They eat a lot to bulk up and
sustain enough fat for energy consumption.
How quickly do geese use their carbohydrate storage during flight? - Answers Within 15 minutes
of flying.
At what altitudes can some species of geese fly? - Answers Higher than 30,000 feet.
What adaptations do geese have for efficient flight? - Answers They have advanced breathing
and circulatory systems, with a higher distribution of capillaries and red blood cells with a higher
affinity for oxygen.
What are the cells that metabolize fatty acids called? - Answers Myocytes.
What happens to fatty acids once they enter myocytes? - Answers They are processed by
mitochondria to produce Acetyl-CoA, which then enters the Krebs cycle to be broken down into
ATP.
What is the relationship between fatty acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism? -
Answers They are inversely proportional; carbohydrates start high and drop, while fats start low
, and increase as carbohydrates are depleted.
What does catabolism mean? - Answers Breaking down something.
What does anabolism mean? - Answers Building up something.
What are the stored fats in camel humps called? - Answers Tristearin.
How do geese achieve high altitudes during flight? - Answers By utilizing stored fats for energy.
What is the role of adipocytes in fat metabolism? - Answers They store fatty acids that are
circulated through the blood when needed for energy.
What is the primary energy currency produced from fat breakdown? - Answers ATP.
What is the significance of mitochondria in muscle cells? - Answers They help process fatty
acids and produce ATP during cellular respiration.
What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle in metabolism? - Answers To break down Acetyl-
CoA into ATP.
What allows geese to require less oxygen during flight? - Answers Their advanced circulatory
system and higher affinity of red blood cells for oxygen.
What is the focus of Module 1 in Biology 1A03? - Answers The composition and structure of
membranes.
What are the four core macromolecules that make up all living cells? - Answers Proteins, nucleic
acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
What is the estimated number of cells in an adult human body? - Answers About 10 trillion cells.
What classification do eukaryotic cells belong to? - Answers Cells that have a nucleus
containing most of the genetic material.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - Answers Prokaryotic cells do
not contain a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.
What percentage of body mass do bacterial cells make up in humans? - Answers 2 to 3% of
body mass.
What is the microbiome? - Answers The populations of microbiotic organisms within our bodies,
including prokaryotic bacteria and small eukaryotic organisms.
How many distinct species of microbes may be present in a healthy human body? - Answers
About 10,000 distinct species.
What is the role of Streptococcus salivarius in the human body? - Answers It is a normal
What makes cholesterol very hydrophobic? - Answers Its benzene ring.
What are lipid rafts and what do they contain? - Answers Sections packed with saturated fatty
acids and cholesterol, making them less permeable and less firm.
How do some animals adapt to cold environments regarding cholesterol? - Answers They have
more cholesterol and unsaturated phospholipids, aided by antifreeze proteins to produce these
molecules.
What technique is used to track proteins under a microscope? - Answers Tagging proteins with
fluorescent light.
What does the FRAP experiment determine about proteins? - Answers It visualizes lateral
mobility in the cell by observing if a bleached area regains fluorescence.
How does the fluidity of the nuclear membrane compare to the ER membrane based on FRAP
results? - Answers The nuclear membrane is much less fluid than the ER membrane.
What is the dipolar nature of water and its effect on cell membranes? - Answers Water has a
small charge that interacts with ions, hindering their ability to cross the cell wall easily.
What does amphipathic mean in the context of protein channels? - Answers It refers to
molecules having both polar and non-polar areas; the outside of protein channels is hydrophobic,
while the inside is hydrophilic.
What is simple diffusion? - Answers The movement through a membrane from high to low
concentration gradient.
What is facilitated diffusion? - Answers The movement from high to low concentration through
a protein channel without using ATP.
What is active transport? - Answers The use of ATP energy to move substances against their
concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump.
Do animal cells have chloroplasts? - Answers No, animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? - Answers Plant cells have chloroplasts.
What is the energy yield comparison between fats and carbohydrates? - Answers A molecule of
fat supplies more ATP than a molecule of carbohydrates when metabolized.
What happens to the bleached area in a FRAP experiment if the area is fluid? - Answers The
bleached area becomes fluorescent again.
What is the role of antifreeze proteins in cold-adapted animals? - Answers They help produce
,extra cholesterol and saturated phospholipids needed for survival in cold conditions.
What is the significance of the concentration gradient in facilitated diffusion? - Answers
Facilitated diffusion occurs from high to low concentration, utilizing protein channels.
How many sodium ions are pumped out and potassium ions are pumped in by the sodium-
potassium pump? - Answers Three sodium ions are pumped out and two potassium ions are
pumped in.
What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion? - Answers
Simple diffusion does not require protein channels, while facilitated diffusion does.
What is the final result of the energy production process in cells? - Answers It varies by process,
but generally involves the conversion of substrates into ATP.
What is the process of breaking down fats called? - Answers Beta-oxidation.
What type of process is fat breakdown in animals? - Answers It is an aerobic process, meaning
it consumes oxygen.
How do camels utilize the fat stored in their humps? - Answers They break it down into ATP and
produce water when needed, allowing them to survive in dehydrated situations.
What is the maximum weight of a camel's hump? - Answers Up to 80 lbs.
How much body weight in water can camels lose and still survive? - Answers 30-40%.
What do geese do to prepare for long migrations? - Answers They eat a lot to bulk up and
sustain enough fat for energy consumption.
How quickly do geese use their carbohydrate storage during flight? - Answers Within 15 minutes
of flying.
At what altitudes can some species of geese fly? - Answers Higher than 30,000 feet.
What adaptations do geese have for efficient flight? - Answers They have advanced breathing
and circulatory systems, with a higher distribution of capillaries and red blood cells with a higher
affinity for oxygen.
What are the cells that metabolize fatty acids called? - Answers Myocytes.
What happens to fatty acids once they enter myocytes? - Answers They are processed by
mitochondria to produce Acetyl-CoA, which then enters the Krebs cycle to be broken down into
ATP.
What is the relationship between fatty acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism? -
Answers They are inversely proportional; carbohydrates start high and drop, while fats start low
, and increase as carbohydrates are depleted.
What does catabolism mean? - Answers Breaking down something.
What does anabolism mean? - Answers Building up something.
What are the stored fats in camel humps called? - Answers Tristearin.
How do geese achieve high altitudes during flight? - Answers By utilizing stored fats for energy.
What is the role of adipocytes in fat metabolism? - Answers They store fatty acids that are
circulated through the blood when needed for energy.
What is the primary energy currency produced from fat breakdown? - Answers ATP.
What is the significance of mitochondria in muscle cells? - Answers They help process fatty
acids and produce ATP during cellular respiration.
What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle in metabolism? - Answers To break down Acetyl-
CoA into ATP.
What allows geese to require less oxygen during flight? - Answers Their advanced circulatory
system and higher affinity of red blood cells for oxygen.
What is the focus of Module 1 in Biology 1A03? - Answers The composition and structure of
membranes.
What are the four core macromolecules that make up all living cells? - Answers Proteins, nucleic
acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
What is the estimated number of cells in an adult human body? - Answers About 10 trillion cells.
What classification do eukaryotic cells belong to? - Answers Cells that have a nucleus
containing most of the genetic material.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - Answers Prokaryotic cells do
not contain a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.
What percentage of body mass do bacterial cells make up in humans? - Answers 2 to 3% of
body mass.
What is the microbiome? - Answers The populations of microbiotic organisms within our bodies,
including prokaryotic bacteria and small eukaryotic organisms.
How many distinct species of microbes may be present in a healthy human body? - Answers
About 10,000 distinct species.
What is the role of Streptococcus salivarius in the human body? - Answers It is a normal
