BCOR 370 WVU exam 1 Houghton Questions
and Answers
Organization - -A systematic arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
-Why do we have organizations? - --efficiency; to accomplish specific objectives
-serve society
-provide careers
-How do organizations accomplish their objectives? - --Basic framework of management
-Decision Making
-Basic Framework of Management - --Planning
-Organizing
-Leading
-Controlling
-Management - -The process of achieving goals, effectively and efficiently through, and
with other people.
-What is scientific management? - -The use of the scientific method to determine the "one
best way" to perform a job or task
-Frederick Taylor - -"The Father of Scientific Management"
-wrote the first management textbook
-Frank and Lilian Gilbreth - -Used scientific management:
-motion studies
-Brick laying example
-What is the Legacy of Scientific Management? - --Fast efficient assembly lines
-techniques used from fast food to surgery
-job design, selection, training
-During the 1920's and 1930's... - -Management is dominated by "efficiency experts"
concentrating on efficiency and productivity above all else
-What do you see as some of the problems with this approach to management? - -
Emphasis on productivity and profitability resulted in unhappy workers, labor unions and
strikes
-Bureaucracy - -An organization design marked by specialization, division of labor,
authority hierarchies and formal rules and procedures
, -Max Weber - -Observed that the bureaucracy was the dominant organization type
because it was the most efficient
-Mary Parker Follett - -Wrote about human factors in the work place
-Elton Mayo - -The Hawthorne Studies
-The Hawthorne Effect - -Money is less a factor in determinig output than group
standards, sentiment and security
-realized thee importance of individual needs, goals, expectations
-Began to apply techniques from psychology and sociology to understanding individuals in
the work place
-Decision Making - -A process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a
problem
-What is a problem? - -A situation that occurs when the actual state of affairs differs from
the desired state of affairs
-The Problem Solving Process - -Problems must be accurately identified and defined
-Creativity - --Ability to produce novel and useful ideas
-Key issue in problem solving and decision making
-Innate creativity is often stifled by society, schools, and organizations
-Rational Decision Making Model - --Define Problem (investigate situation and determine
the cause)
-Identify decision criteria
-Weigh the criteria
-Generate alternatives
-Rate alternatives on each criteria
-Choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative
-What is Decision Making in Reality - --Bounded Rationality
-Satisficing
-Institution
-Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action
-Advantages of Group Decision Making - --Broader perspective
-More alternatives
-Clarification of ambiguities
-More satisfaction and support
-Disadvantages of Group Decision Making - --Time consuming
-Compromise may satisfy no one
-Groupthink
and Answers
Organization - -A systematic arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
-Why do we have organizations? - --efficiency; to accomplish specific objectives
-serve society
-provide careers
-How do organizations accomplish their objectives? - --Basic framework of management
-Decision Making
-Basic Framework of Management - --Planning
-Organizing
-Leading
-Controlling
-Management - -The process of achieving goals, effectively and efficiently through, and
with other people.
-What is scientific management? - -The use of the scientific method to determine the "one
best way" to perform a job or task
-Frederick Taylor - -"The Father of Scientific Management"
-wrote the first management textbook
-Frank and Lilian Gilbreth - -Used scientific management:
-motion studies
-Brick laying example
-What is the Legacy of Scientific Management? - --Fast efficient assembly lines
-techniques used from fast food to surgery
-job design, selection, training
-During the 1920's and 1930's... - -Management is dominated by "efficiency experts"
concentrating on efficiency and productivity above all else
-What do you see as some of the problems with this approach to management? - -
Emphasis on productivity and profitability resulted in unhappy workers, labor unions and
strikes
-Bureaucracy - -An organization design marked by specialization, division of labor,
authority hierarchies and formal rules and procedures
, -Max Weber - -Observed that the bureaucracy was the dominant organization type
because it was the most efficient
-Mary Parker Follett - -Wrote about human factors in the work place
-Elton Mayo - -The Hawthorne Studies
-The Hawthorne Effect - -Money is less a factor in determinig output than group
standards, sentiment and security
-realized thee importance of individual needs, goals, expectations
-Began to apply techniques from psychology and sociology to understanding individuals in
the work place
-Decision Making - -A process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a
problem
-What is a problem? - -A situation that occurs when the actual state of affairs differs from
the desired state of affairs
-The Problem Solving Process - -Problems must be accurately identified and defined
-Creativity - --Ability to produce novel and useful ideas
-Key issue in problem solving and decision making
-Innate creativity is often stifled by society, schools, and organizations
-Rational Decision Making Model - --Define Problem (investigate situation and determine
the cause)
-Identify decision criteria
-Weigh the criteria
-Generate alternatives
-Rate alternatives on each criteria
-Choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative
-What is Decision Making in Reality - --Bounded Rationality
-Satisficing
-Institution
-Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action
-Advantages of Group Decision Making - --Broader perspective
-More alternatives
-Clarification of ambiguities
-More satisfaction and support
-Disadvantages of Group Decision Making - --Time consuming
-Compromise may satisfy no one
-Groupthink
