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Virtual SC- Government CP final exam
vocab Questions and Answers
Unit 1
Ans:
government
Ans: The institution through which a society makes and enforces its
public policies
Sovereignty
Ans: supreme power or authority
Federal Reserve System
Ans: The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the
nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest
rates
Brain Trust
Ans: Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt during his presidential
candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White House. A
newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust."
They were more influential than the Cabinet.
Great Society
Ans: President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform
program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society
measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to
education.
Legitimacy
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Ans: the hereditary right of a monarch to rule
authority
Ans: the right to use power
citizens
Ans: People who had the right to participate in government
Monarchy
Ans: A government ruled by a king or queen
Oligarchy
Ans: A government ruled by a few powerful people
Aristocracy
Ans: A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling
class or nobility
Rule by Law
Ans: recognition that laws exist and all are subject to them equally
Justian code
Ans: a set of laws, written by the Byzantine Empire Justinian, that served
the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years.
Democracy
Ans: A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of
citizens who can elect people to represent them
absolute power
Ans: complete control over someone or something
Indirect Democracy
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Ans: a system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote
for representatives who work on their behalf
Direct Democracy
Ans: A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not
through representatives
Federalist Papers
Ans: A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay,
and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution
in detail.
Natural Law
Ans: A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical
principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by
reason.
Democratic Centralism
Ans: The Leninist organizational structure that concentrates power in
the hands of the party elite.
free enterprise
Ans: Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed
to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference
Enlightenment
Ans: A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason
in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
centralized government
Ans: A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority
to which local governments are subject
individual freedom
© 2025 All rights reserved
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Ans: free to do whatever you want as long as it doesnt infringe on others
freedom
liberty
Ans: Freedom from government control
equality
Ans: the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and
opportunities.
Justice
Ans: Respecting the rights of others and giving them what is rightfully
theirs
John Locke
Ans: 17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of
Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty,
and property.
Karl Marx
Ans: 1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist,
sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often
recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his
belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced
feudalism. Believed in a classless society.
Aristotle
Ans: Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the
Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural
sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western
thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he
saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical
observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of
rational inquiry.
Franklin Roosevelt
© 2025 All rights reserved
Virtual SC- Government CP final exam
vocab Questions and Answers
Unit 1
Ans:
government
Ans: The institution through which a society makes and enforces its
public policies
Sovereignty
Ans: supreme power or authority
Federal Reserve System
Ans: The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the
nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest
rates
Brain Trust
Ans: Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt during his presidential
candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White House. A
newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust."
They were more influential than the Cabinet.
Great Society
Ans: President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform
program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society
measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to
education.
Legitimacy
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Ans: the hereditary right of a monarch to rule
authority
Ans: the right to use power
citizens
Ans: People who had the right to participate in government
Monarchy
Ans: A government ruled by a king or queen
Oligarchy
Ans: A government ruled by a few powerful people
Aristocracy
Ans: A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling
class or nobility
Rule by Law
Ans: recognition that laws exist and all are subject to them equally
Justian code
Ans: a set of laws, written by the Byzantine Empire Justinian, that served
the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years.
Democracy
Ans: A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of
citizens who can elect people to represent them
absolute power
Ans: complete control over someone or something
Indirect Democracy
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
Ans: a system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote
for representatives who work on their behalf
Direct Democracy
Ans: A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not
through representatives
Federalist Papers
Ans: A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay,
and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution
in detail.
Natural Law
Ans: A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical
principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by
reason.
Democratic Centralism
Ans: The Leninist organizational structure that concentrates power in
the hands of the party elite.
free enterprise
Ans: Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed
to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference
Enlightenment
Ans: A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason
in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
centralized government
Ans: A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority
to which local governments are subject
individual freedom
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4 | Page
Ans: free to do whatever you want as long as it doesnt infringe on others
freedom
liberty
Ans: Freedom from government control
equality
Ans: the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and
opportunities.
Justice
Ans: Respecting the rights of others and giving them what is rightfully
theirs
John Locke
Ans: 17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of
Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty,
and property.
Karl Marx
Ans: 1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist,
sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often
recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his
belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced
feudalism. Believed in a classless society.
Aristotle
Ans: Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the
Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural
sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western
thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he
saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical
observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of
rational inquiry.
Franklin Roosevelt
© 2025 All rights reserved
