ACHIEVERS ACADEMY
CLASS 10TH
CHAPTER 2 BIOLOGY
CONTROL AND COORDINATION
All the living organisms respond and react to changes in the environment around
them.
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are
called stimuli such as light, heat, cold, sound, smell, touch etc.
Both plants and animals respond to stimuli but in a different manner.
Systems for Control and Coordination in Animals
Control and Coordination in animals is done with the help of two main systems:
(i) Nervous system
(ii) Endocrine system
-Nervous System
• The nervous system is a system of organs that manages and organizes
actions in animals.
• It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a network of nerves throughout the
body.
• The nervous system handles sending, receiving, and processing messages in
the form of chemical signals called impulses.
• Nervous tissue is a well-organized network of nerve cells or neurons
designed to transmit information through electrical impulses.
• The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which has three parts:
the cell body (cyton), branched projections (dendrites), and a long process
leading from the cell body (axon).
, Neuron: Neuron is a highly specialized cell which is responsible for the transmission of
nerve impulses. The neuron consists of the following parts
(i) Cyton or cell body: The cell body or cyton is somewhat star-shaped, with many hair
like structures protruding out of the margin. These hair-like structures are called
dendrites. Dendrites receive the nerve impulses.
(ii) Axon: This is the tail of the neuron. It ends in several hair-like structures, called
axon terminals. The axon terminals relay nerve impulses.
(iii) Myelin sheath: There is an insulator cover around the axon. This is called
myelin sheath. The myelin sheath insulates the axon against nerve impulse from
the surroundings.
Types of neuron
• Sensory neuron: These neurons receive signals from a sense organ.
• Motor neuron: These neurons send signals to a muscle or a gland.
• Association or relay neuron: These neurons relay the signals between sensory
neuron and motor neuron
CLASS 10TH
CHAPTER 2 BIOLOGY
CONTROL AND COORDINATION
All the living organisms respond and react to changes in the environment around
them.
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are
called stimuli such as light, heat, cold, sound, smell, touch etc.
Both plants and animals respond to stimuli but in a different manner.
Systems for Control and Coordination in Animals
Control and Coordination in animals is done with the help of two main systems:
(i) Nervous system
(ii) Endocrine system
-Nervous System
• The nervous system is a system of organs that manages and organizes
actions in animals.
• It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a network of nerves throughout the
body.
• The nervous system handles sending, receiving, and processing messages in
the form of chemical signals called impulses.
• Nervous tissue is a well-organized network of nerve cells or neurons
designed to transmit information through electrical impulses.
• The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which has three parts:
the cell body (cyton), branched projections (dendrites), and a long process
leading from the cell body (axon).
, Neuron: Neuron is a highly specialized cell which is responsible for the transmission of
nerve impulses. The neuron consists of the following parts
(i) Cyton or cell body: The cell body or cyton is somewhat star-shaped, with many hair
like structures protruding out of the margin. These hair-like structures are called
dendrites. Dendrites receive the nerve impulses.
(ii) Axon: This is the tail of the neuron. It ends in several hair-like structures, called
axon terminals. The axon terminals relay nerve impulses.
(iii) Myelin sheath: There is an insulator cover around the axon. This is called
myelin sheath. The myelin sheath insulates the axon against nerve impulse from
the surroundings.
Types of neuron
• Sensory neuron: These neurons receive signals from a sense organ.
• Motor neuron: These neurons send signals to a muscle or a gland.
• Association or relay neuron: These neurons relay the signals between sensory
neuron and motor neuron
