Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test
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1. Define the term A substance made up from one type of atom and cannot be broken down by
Element chemical means.
2. Identify the com- Oxygen - O
mon chemical Carbon - C
symbols for oxy- Hydrogen - H
gen, carbon, hy- Nitrogen - N
drogen, nitro- Calcium - Ca
gen, calcium, Potassium - K
potassium, sodi- Sodium - Na
um, chlorine, Chlorine - Cl
iron, and phos- Iron - Fe
phorus. Phosphorus - P
3. Identify the Carbon Dioxide - CO2 / Carbon Monoxide - CO / Water - H2O / Hydrochloric Acid
chemical formu- - HCl / Sodium Chloride - NaCl / Glucose - C6H12O6 / Sodium Bicarbonate -
las for carbon NaHCO3
dioxide, carbon
monoxide, wa-
ter, hydrochlo-
ric acid, sodi-
um chloride, glu-
cose, and sodi-
um bicarbonate
(also known as
sodium hydro-
gen carbonate).
4. Define the term The basic unit of a chemical element.
Atom
5.
, Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test
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Describe the ba- The center of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons that form the nucleus.
sic structure of Electrons are lightweight and orbit around the nucleus (neutrons and protons).
an atom (pro-
tons, neutrons,
and electrons).
6. Identify the Charge: Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge and
charge and the Neutrons have no charge (neutral).
location in an Location: protons and neutrons remain in the center (nucleus). Electrons remain
atom of pro- orbiting outside the nucleus.
tons, neutrons,
and electrons.
7. Define the term Two or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons
Isotope but different number of neutrons, and differ in atomic mass but not in chemical
properties.
8. Recognize that They are used in body scans/nuclear imaging to evaluate thyroid cancer, etc.
isotopes are
used in diagnosis
and treatment in
medicine
9. Define the terms Molecule - A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest funda-
molecule and mental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
ion. Explain the Ion - An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one
role of elec- or more electrons.
trons in chemical Explain role of electrons in chemical bonding - Electrons play a huge role in
bonding. chemical bonding. One type is electrovalent bonding (ionic), where an electron
from one atom is transferred to another atom. You end up creating two ions as
one atom loses and electron and another one gains one. BASICALLY, chemical
bonding can't happen without electrons.
, Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test
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10. Compare how co- Covalent bonding takes place when atoms are unstable because their outer ring
valent and ion- of electrons aren't filled up. So then atoms come together and share electrons
ic bonds hold (forming a molecule). They become strong and hard to break apart.
atoms together Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms. It's a
and how each type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds
type of bond is are weaker than covalent bonds but still create molecules.
shown in a dia-
gram.
11. Discuss the rela- Covalent bonds are strong and can only be broken by enzymic catalysis. Ionic
tive strength of bonds are weak and can be broken by temperature and pressure.
covalent and ion-
ic bonds (how
easily the bonds
can be broken).
12. Compare polar Nonpolar covalent bond - A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same
and nonpolar electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
bonds. Compare Polar covalent bond - A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different
and contrast the electronegativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron
characteristics of pair.
polar and nonpo- Polar Molecules - Have more electrons (+) on one side of the molecule than the
lar molecules. other, resulting in an electrical field in that area.
Nonpolar Molecules - Electrons are distributed more symmetrically and thus does
not have an abundance of charges at the opposite side. The charges all cancel
each other out.
13. Identify the type Carbon dioxide - nonpolar (symmetrical)
of bond (po- Water - Polar covalent
lar covalent, non- Hydrochloric acid - Polar
polar covalent, Sodium Chloride - polar ionic compound (polar)
or ionic) found
, Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test
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in the follow- Oxygen gas - nonpolar
ing molecules: Sodium bicarbonate - polar
carbon dioxide,
water, hydrochlo-
ric acid, sodium
chloride, oxygen
gas, and sodium
bicarbonate.
14. Define the term A weak bond between 2 molecules resulting in an interaction between an elec-
hydrogen bond. tronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to another electronegative atom.
Describe the Hydrogen bonds can occur between molecules or within parts of a single mol-
characteristics of ecule. Weaker than covalent and ionic bonds. They only form between oxygen,
hydrogen bonds. hydrogen, nitrogen and fluorine.
15. Identify how hy- https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/chemistry/bonds
drogen bonds
are shown in a di-
agram.
16. Define the terms Matter - Physical substance in general, what occupies space and has mass,
matter and mass especially as distinct from energy.
Mass - a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
17. Identify and de- Liquid - Assumes the shape of the container it occupies, particles slide past each
scribe the prop- other, little free space between, not easily compressible, flows easily.
erties of the 3 Solid - retains fixed volume, particles locked in place, does not flow easily.
states of matter Gas - Assumes shape and volume of container, easily compressible, flows easily,
particles move past each other.
18. Compare and Liquid - particles slide past each other, temperature turns liquid to vapor (gas) or
contrast the ran- solid.
dom motion of
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cwlv98
1. Define the term A substance made up from one type of atom and cannot be broken down by
Element chemical means.
2. Identify the com- Oxygen - O
mon chemical Carbon - C
symbols for oxy- Hydrogen - H
gen, carbon, hy- Nitrogen - N
drogen, nitro- Calcium - Ca
gen, calcium, Potassium - K
potassium, sodi- Sodium - Na
um, chlorine, Chlorine - Cl
iron, and phos- Iron - Fe
phorus. Phosphorus - P
3. Identify the Carbon Dioxide - CO2 / Carbon Monoxide - CO / Water - H2O / Hydrochloric Acid
chemical formu- - HCl / Sodium Chloride - NaCl / Glucose - C6H12O6 / Sodium Bicarbonate -
las for carbon NaHCO3
dioxide, carbon
monoxide, wa-
ter, hydrochlo-
ric acid, sodi-
um chloride, glu-
cose, and sodi-
um bicarbonate
(also known as
sodium hydro-
gen carbonate).
4. Define the term The basic unit of a chemical element.
Atom
5.
, Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cwlv98
Describe the ba- The center of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons that form the nucleus.
sic structure of Electrons are lightweight and orbit around the nucleus (neutrons and protons).
an atom (pro-
tons, neutrons,
and electrons).
6. Identify the Charge: Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge and
charge and the Neutrons have no charge (neutral).
location in an Location: protons and neutrons remain in the center (nucleus). Electrons remain
atom of pro- orbiting outside the nucleus.
tons, neutrons,
and electrons.
7. Define the term Two or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons
Isotope but different number of neutrons, and differ in atomic mass but not in chemical
properties.
8. Recognize that They are used in body scans/nuclear imaging to evaluate thyroid cancer, etc.
isotopes are
used in diagnosis
and treatment in
medicine
9. Define the terms Molecule - A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest funda-
molecule and mental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
ion. Explain the Ion - An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one
role of elec- or more electrons.
trons in chemical Explain role of electrons in chemical bonding - Electrons play a huge role in
bonding. chemical bonding. One type is electrovalent bonding (ionic), where an electron
from one atom is transferred to another atom. You end up creating two ions as
one atom loses and electron and another one gains one. BASICALLY, chemical
bonding can't happen without electrons.
, Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cwlv98
10. Compare how co- Covalent bonding takes place when atoms are unstable because their outer ring
valent and ion- of electrons aren't filled up. So then atoms come together and share electrons
ic bonds hold (forming a molecule). They become strong and hard to break apart.
atoms together Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms. It's a
and how each type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds
type of bond is are weaker than covalent bonds but still create molecules.
shown in a dia-
gram.
11. Discuss the rela- Covalent bonds are strong and can only be broken by enzymic catalysis. Ionic
tive strength of bonds are weak and can be broken by temperature and pressure.
covalent and ion-
ic bonds (how
easily the bonds
can be broken).
12. Compare polar Nonpolar covalent bond - A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same
and nonpolar electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
bonds. Compare Polar covalent bond - A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different
and contrast the electronegativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron
characteristics of pair.
polar and nonpo- Polar Molecules - Have more electrons (+) on one side of the molecule than the
lar molecules. other, resulting in an electrical field in that area.
Nonpolar Molecules - Electrons are distributed more symmetrically and thus does
not have an abundance of charges at the opposite side. The charges all cancel
each other out.
13. Identify the type Carbon dioxide - nonpolar (symmetrical)
of bond (po- Water - Polar covalent
lar covalent, non- Hydrochloric acid - Polar
polar covalent, Sodium Chloride - polar ionic compound (polar)
or ionic) found
, Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cwlv98
in the follow- Oxygen gas - nonpolar
ing molecules: Sodium bicarbonate - polar
carbon dioxide,
water, hydrochlo-
ric acid, sodium
chloride, oxygen
gas, and sodium
bicarbonate.
14. Define the term A weak bond between 2 molecules resulting in an interaction between an elec-
hydrogen bond. tronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to another electronegative atom.
Describe the Hydrogen bonds can occur between molecules or within parts of a single mol-
characteristics of ecule. Weaker than covalent and ionic bonds. They only form between oxygen,
hydrogen bonds. hydrogen, nitrogen and fluorine.
15. Identify how hy- https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/chemistry/bonds
drogen bonds
are shown in a di-
agram.
16. Define the terms Matter - Physical substance in general, what occupies space and has mass,
matter and mass especially as distinct from energy.
Mass - a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
17. Identify and de- Liquid - Assumes the shape of the container it occupies, particles slide past each
scribe the prop- other, little free space between, not easily compressible, flows easily.
erties of the 3 Solid - retains fixed volume, particles locked in place, does not flow easily.
states of matter Gas - Assumes shape and volume of container, easily compressible, flows easily,
particles move past each other.
18. Compare and Liquid - particles slide past each other, temperature turns liquid to vapor (gas) or
contrast the ran- solid.
dom motion of
