📘 Principles of Management – Core Concepts
A principle is a fundamental truth that serves as the foundation for a system of belief
or behaviour.
Nature of Management Principles
Universal application – usable in any org, any level
General guidelines – not rigid laws; adapt to size, nature, situation
Born from practice & experiments – distilled from real-world trials
Flexible – can be modified as conditions change
Behavioural – designed to influence human conduct
Cause & effect – every action has a predictable outcome
Equal importance – none can be permanently sidelined without loss
Significance
1. Gives managers insight into org dynamics
2. Optimises resource use – men, money, machines, materials
3. Enables scientific decisions instead of trial-and-error
4. Clarifies social responsibility – fair price, safe workplace, green practices
5. Spurs R&D – principles evolve with new data
6. Coordinates & controls – links departments & levels
7. Builds an objective mindset – problems traced to root causes
🧪 Management Theories at a Glance
Theory Proponent Core Idea
Administrative Theory Henry Fayol 14 universal principles for
smooth administration
Scientific Management F.W. Taylor Scientific analysis of work
to boost efficiency
🌟 Fayol’s 14 Principles (1841-1925)
“Father of Modern Management”
,# Principle One-line Reminder
1 Division of Work Specialise to raise output
2 Authority & Rights & duties must
Responsibility balance
3 Discipline Respect rules at every level
4 Unity of Command One boss only – avoids
confusion
5 Unity of Direction One plan per group
6 Subordination of Org interest first
Individual Interest
7 Centralisation Balance concentration vs
dispersion of power
8 Remuneration Fair pay for fair work
9 Scalar Chain Clear line of authority; use
Gang Plank for urgent
cross-talk
10 Order “A place for everything &
everything in its place”
11 Equity Equal treatment at same
level
12 Stability of Tenure Job security boosts loyalty
13 Initiative Encourage new ideas
14 Esprit de Corps “Union is strength” – build
team spirit
, ⚙️ Taylor’s Scientific Management (1856-1915)
“Father of Scientific Management”
“Science, not rule of thumb”
Six Principles
1. Science, not rule of thumb – find the one best way
2. Harmony, not discord – align workers & mgmt
3. Mental Revolution – both sides shift from confrontation to cooperation
4. Cooperation, not individualism – share gains, share ideas
5. Division of Responsibility – planners vs doers
6. Development of all – train & upskill for mutual prosperity
Key Techniques
Technique Purpose
Time Study Fix standard time per task
Motion Study Eliminate wasteful movements
A principle is a fundamental truth that serves as the foundation for a system of belief
or behaviour.
Nature of Management Principles
Universal application – usable in any org, any level
General guidelines – not rigid laws; adapt to size, nature, situation
Born from practice & experiments – distilled from real-world trials
Flexible – can be modified as conditions change
Behavioural – designed to influence human conduct
Cause & effect – every action has a predictable outcome
Equal importance – none can be permanently sidelined without loss
Significance
1. Gives managers insight into org dynamics
2. Optimises resource use – men, money, machines, materials
3. Enables scientific decisions instead of trial-and-error
4. Clarifies social responsibility – fair price, safe workplace, green practices
5. Spurs R&D – principles evolve with new data
6. Coordinates & controls – links departments & levels
7. Builds an objective mindset – problems traced to root causes
🧪 Management Theories at a Glance
Theory Proponent Core Idea
Administrative Theory Henry Fayol 14 universal principles for
smooth administration
Scientific Management F.W. Taylor Scientific analysis of work
to boost efficiency
🌟 Fayol’s 14 Principles (1841-1925)
“Father of Modern Management”
,# Principle One-line Reminder
1 Division of Work Specialise to raise output
2 Authority & Rights & duties must
Responsibility balance
3 Discipline Respect rules at every level
4 Unity of Command One boss only – avoids
confusion
5 Unity of Direction One plan per group
6 Subordination of Org interest first
Individual Interest
7 Centralisation Balance concentration vs
dispersion of power
8 Remuneration Fair pay for fair work
9 Scalar Chain Clear line of authority; use
Gang Plank for urgent
cross-talk
10 Order “A place for everything &
everything in its place”
11 Equity Equal treatment at same
level
12 Stability of Tenure Job security boosts loyalty
13 Initiative Encourage new ideas
14 Esprit de Corps “Union is strength” – build
team spirit
, ⚙️ Taylor’s Scientific Management (1856-1915)
“Father of Scientific Management”
“Science, not rule of thumb”
Six Principles
1. Science, not rule of thumb – find the one best way
2. Harmony, not discord – align workers & mgmt
3. Mental Revolution – both sides shift from confrontation to cooperation
4. Cooperation, not individualism – share gains, share ideas
5. Division of Responsibility – planners vs doers
6. Development of all – train & upskill for mutual prosperity
Key Techniques
Technique Purpose
Time Study Fix standard time per task
Motion Study Eliminate wasteful movements
