MSCI 510 WK 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED LATEST UPDATE 2025-
2026
Thorax - Answers Irregularly shaped cylinder housing vital organs.
Superior Thoracic Aperture - Answers Narrow opening connecting thorax to neck.
Inferior Thoracic Aperture - Answers Large opening closed by the diaphragm.
Pleural Cavities - Answers Two cavities surrounding each lung.
Mediastinum - Answers Central region between the pleural cavities.
Diaphragm - Answers Muscle sealing the inferior thoracic aperture.
Intercostal Muscles - Answers Three layers of muscles between ribs.
Floating Ribs - Answers Ribs XI and XII, not connected to sternum.
Costal Cartilages - Answers Connect ribs I-VII to the sternum.
Manubrium - Answers Upper part of the sternum.
Sternal Angle - Answers Joint between manubrium and body of sternum.
Pleura - Answers Mesothelial membrane lining pleural cavities.
Parietal Pleura - Answers Lines the thoracic cavity.
Visceral Pleura - Answers Covers the lungs directly.
Costodiaphragmatic Recess - Answers Largest recess for lung expansion.
Thoracic Vertebrae - Answers T1 to T12 form posterior thoracic wall.
Ribs - Answers Twelve pairs forming lateral thoracic wall.
Anterior Mediastinum - Answers Space between sternum and pericardium.
Posterior Mediastinum - Answers Space between pericardium and thoracic vertebrae.
Middle Mediastinum - Answers Contains the heart and pericardium.
Esophagus - Answers Passageway for food, located posterior to trachea.
Diaphragm Contraction - Answers Reduces dome height, increases thoracic volume.
Thoracic Cavity Function - Answers Facilitates breathing and protects vital organs.
Trachea - Answers Lies anterior to the esophagus in midline.
, Axillary Inlet - Answers Gateway to upper limb at superior thoracic aperture.
Coracoid Process - Answers Forms apex of triangular axillary inlet.
Brachial Plexus - Answers Nerve network passing through axillary inlet.
Diaphragm - Answers Separates thorax from abdomen, aids in breathing.
Inferior Vena Cava - Answers Pierces diaphragm at vertebral level TVIII.
Esophagus - Answers Penetrates diaphragm at vertebral level TX.
Aorta - Answers Passes posterior to diaphragm at vertebral level TXII.
Breast Anatomy - Answers Located in pectoral region, consists of mammary glands.
Blood Supply of Breast - Answers Branches from internal thoracic arteries and veins.
Lymphatics of Breast - Answers Drain into parasternal nodes and axillary region.
Nerve Supply of Breast - Answers Fourth to sixth intercostal nerves innervate breast.
Vertebral Level TIV/V - Answers Marks superior mediastinum and trachea bifurcation.
Left Brachiocephalic Vein - Answers Carries blood from left head and neck.
Hemiazygos Vein - Answers Drains left thoracic wall into azygos vein.
Intercostal Nerves - Answers Innervate thoracic wall, pleura, and skin.
Thoracic Dermatomes - Answers Reflect segmental organization of thoracic spinal nerves.
Sympathetic Nervous System - Answers Preganglionic fibers originate from T1 to L2.
Rib Movement - Answers Elevates anterior thoracic wall during breathing.
Diaphragm Function - Answers Adjusts vertical dimension of thorax for respiration.
Sternum - Answers Flat bone located in front of vertebral column.
Rib Cage - Answers Central segmented bone structure surrounding thoracic cavity.
Rib Movements During Inspiration - Answers Sternum moves forward, diaphragm descends to
expand thorax.
Phrenic Nerves - Answers Innervate diaphragm from cervical plexus (C3-C5).
C4 Contribution - Answers Major contribution to diaphragm innervation from C4.
Diaphragm Movement - Answers Injuries below phrenic nerve origin do not affect it.
2026
Thorax - Answers Irregularly shaped cylinder housing vital organs.
Superior Thoracic Aperture - Answers Narrow opening connecting thorax to neck.
Inferior Thoracic Aperture - Answers Large opening closed by the diaphragm.
Pleural Cavities - Answers Two cavities surrounding each lung.
Mediastinum - Answers Central region between the pleural cavities.
Diaphragm - Answers Muscle sealing the inferior thoracic aperture.
Intercostal Muscles - Answers Three layers of muscles between ribs.
Floating Ribs - Answers Ribs XI and XII, not connected to sternum.
Costal Cartilages - Answers Connect ribs I-VII to the sternum.
Manubrium - Answers Upper part of the sternum.
Sternal Angle - Answers Joint between manubrium and body of sternum.
Pleura - Answers Mesothelial membrane lining pleural cavities.
Parietal Pleura - Answers Lines the thoracic cavity.
Visceral Pleura - Answers Covers the lungs directly.
Costodiaphragmatic Recess - Answers Largest recess for lung expansion.
Thoracic Vertebrae - Answers T1 to T12 form posterior thoracic wall.
Ribs - Answers Twelve pairs forming lateral thoracic wall.
Anterior Mediastinum - Answers Space between sternum and pericardium.
Posterior Mediastinum - Answers Space between pericardium and thoracic vertebrae.
Middle Mediastinum - Answers Contains the heart and pericardium.
Esophagus - Answers Passageway for food, located posterior to trachea.
Diaphragm Contraction - Answers Reduces dome height, increases thoracic volume.
Thoracic Cavity Function - Answers Facilitates breathing and protects vital organs.
Trachea - Answers Lies anterior to the esophagus in midline.
, Axillary Inlet - Answers Gateway to upper limb at superior thoracic aperture.
Coracoid Process - Answers Forms apex of triangular axillary inlet.
Brachial Plexus - Answers Nerve network passing through axillary inlet.
Diaphragm - Answers Separates thorax from abdomen, aids in breathing.
Inferior Vena Cava - Answers Pierces diaphragm at vertebral level TVIII.
Esophagus - Answers Penetrates diaphragm at vertebral level TX.
Aorta - Answers Passes posterior to diaphragm at vertebral level TXII.
Breast Anatomy - Answers Located in pectoral region, consists of mammary glands.
Blood Supply of Breast - Answers Branches from internal thoracic arteries and veins.
Lymphatics of Breast - Answers Drain into parasternal nodes and axillary region.
Nerve Supply of Breast - Answers Fourth to sixth intercostal nerves innervate breast.
Vertebral Level TIV/V - Answers Marks superior mediastinum and trachea bifurcation.
Left Brachiocephalic Vein - Answers Carries blood from left head and neck.
Hemiazygos Vein - Answers Drains left thoracic wall into azygos vein.
Intercostal Nerves - Answers Innervate thoracic wall, pleura, and skin.
Thoracic Dermatomes - Answers Reflect segmental organization of thoracic spinal nerves.
Sympathetic Nervous System - Answers Preganglionic fibers originate from T1 to L2.
Rib Movement - Answers Elevates anterior thoracic wall during breathing.
Diaphragm Function - Answers Adjusts vertical dimension of thorax for respiration.
Sternum - Answers Flat bone located in front of vertebral column.
Rib Cage - Answers Central segmented bone structure surrounding thoracic cavity.
Rib Movements During Inspiration - Answers Sternum moves forward, diaphragm descends to
expand thorax.
Phrenic Nerves - Answers Innervate diaphragm from cervical plexus (C3-C5).
C4 Contribution - Answers Major contribution to diaphragm innervation from C4.
Diaphragm Movement - Answers Injuries below phrenic nerve origin do not affect it.
