BIOD 103 Mod 6
What is the alimentary canal? - answer the whole passage along which food passes
through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and
intestines.
Name the parts of the oral cavity that form the roof, sides, entrance, and floor. -
answerThe roof of the oral cavity is the hard and soft palates, the sides of the mouth are
the cheeks, the entrance to the mouth is the lips, and the floor of the mouth is formed
from the tongue.
Describe the structure and function of the tongue. Identify the different types of teeth
and name their functions. - answerThe tongue is made of muscle. It functions to taste
food, move food around the mouth for chewing, and to initiate swallowing.
There are four different types of teeth: incisors, molars, premolars, and canines. Incisors
and canines are used for biting into food, as they have a sharp cutting edge. The
premolars and molars are used for crushing food, as the crown of the tooth is broad.
describe the roles of the esophagus and pharynx in digestion? Whats at the end? -
answerseveral layers of muscle that contract in a coordinated way to move the food
bolus and liquid from the pharynx to the stomach.
lower esophageal sphincter,
Describe the role of the epiglottis during swallowing. - answerThe epiglottis covers the
entrance to the trachea during swallowing so that food enters the esophagus, not the
trachea.
what are the three parts of the stomach - answerThe stomach has three parts: the
fundus is the upper part, the body is the main part, and the lower part is the antrum.
Describe the two types of digestion performed by the stomach. What do these two types
of digestion produce and where does it go next? - answerThe stomach performs
mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs as the muscles in the
walls of the stomach contract to churn the food with the digestive juices in the stomach.
Chemical digestion occurs as the digestive enzymes within the gastric juices mix with
the food and break it down. The product of these actions is called chyme, a liquid that is
then released from the stomach into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
Describe the differences between the small and large intestines in terms of size and
function. - answerThe small intestine functions to continue chemical digestion and to
, absorb nutrients through villi located in the walls of the small intestine. The diameter of
the small intestine is about 1 inch, and it is 21 feet long. starts at the pyloric sphincter
ends at ileocecal sphincter
The large intestine functions to compact the leftover waste into feces, absorb water from
the chyme, and remove feces from the body through defecation. The diameter of the
large intestine is 2 ½ inches, and it is 5 feet long.starts at the ilecoceal valve ends at
anus
What are the three sections of the small intestine? What are the four sections of the
large intestine? - answerThe three sections of the small intestine are the duodenum,
ileum, and jejunum. The four sections of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, anal
canal, and rectum.
Identify the accessory organs of the digestive system and describe their functions. -
answerThe salivary glands function to secrete saliva into the mouth to moisten food and
start carbohydrate digestion. The liver secretes bile and functions in the
metabolism(breaking down tissues) of nutrients for the body. The gallbladder stores
bile. The pancreas secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
Name the kidney's three protective layers. - answerThe three protective layers of the
kidney are the renal capsule, perirenal fat, and the renal fascia.
Fill in the blank: ____ is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. - answerThe
nephron
Describe the parts of the nephron. - answerThe nephron starts at the glomerulus, the
tubule starting with the proximal convoluted portion, the loop of Henle, the distal
convoluted portion, and the collecting tubule.
Describe how urine is formed in the nephron. - answerGlomerular filtration pulls water
and waste products out of the blood and into the tubule. As the tubule runs along a
capillary, the contents of the filtrate are refined as more waste products are added to the
filtrate, and proteins, glucose, ions, and water are reabsorbed into the blood.
Describe the path of urine from the kidney to outside the body - answerUrine flows from
the kidney, through the ureter, to the urinary bladder, to the urethra, and out of the
urethra through the urinary meatus.
Describe the differences between the male urethra and the female urethra. - answerThe
male urethra is longer than the female urethra and it carries both urine and semen out
of the body.
A patient presents with swelling of the parotid gland, mouth pain with meals, and
tenderness at the opening of the parotid duct on the buccal What is the medical term for
What is the alimentary canal? - answer the whole passage along which food passes
through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and
intestines.
Name the parts of the oral cavity that form the roof, sides, entrance, and floor. -
answerThe roof of the oral cavity is the hard and soft palates, the sides of the mouth are
the cheeks, the entrance to the mouth is the lips, and the floor of the mouth is formed
from the tongue.
Describe the structure and function of the tongue. Identify the different types of teeth
and name their functions. - answerThe tongue is made of muscle. It functions to taste
food, move food around the mouth for chewing, and to initiate swallowing.
There are four different types of teeth: incisors, molars, premolars, and canines. Incisors
and canines are used for biting into food, as they have a sharp cutting edge. The
premolars and molars are used for crushing food, as the crown of the tooth is broad.
describe the roles of the esophagus and pharynx in digestion? Whats at the end? -
answerseveral layers of muscle that contract in a coordinated way to move the food
bolus and liquid from the pharynx to the stomach.
lower esophageal sphincter,
Describe the role of the epiglottis during swallowing. - answerThe epiglottis covers the
entrance to the trachea during swallowing so that food enters the esophagus, not the
trachea.
what are the three parts of the stomach - answerThe stomach has three parts: the
fundus is the upper part, the body is the main part, and the lower part is the antrum.
Describe the two types of digestion performed by the stomach. What do these two types
of digestion produce and where does it go next? - answerThe stomach performs
mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs as the muscles in the
walls of the stomach contract to churn the food with the digestive juices in the stomach.
Chemical digestion occurs as the digestive enzymes within the gastric juices mix with
the food and break it down. The product of these actions is called chyme, a liquid that is
then released from the stomach into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
Describe the differences between the small and large intestines in terms of size and
function. - answerThe small intestine functions to continue chemical digestion and to
, absorb nutrients through villi located in the walls of the small intestine. The diameter of
the small intestine is about 1 inch, and it is 21 feet long. starts at the pyloric sphincter
ends at ileocecal sphincter
The large intestine functions to compact the leftover waste into feces, absorb water from
the chyme, and remove feces from the body through defecation. The diameter of the
large intestine is 2 ½ inches, and it is 5 feet long.starts at the ilecoceal valve ends at
anus
What are the three sections of the small intestine? What are the four sections of the
large intestine? - answerThe three sections of the small intestine are the duodenum,
ileum, and jejunum. The four sections of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, anal
canal, and rectum.
Identify the accessory organs of the digestive system and describe their functions. -
answerThe salivary glands function to secrete saliva into the mouth to moisten food and
start carbohydrate digestion. The liver secretes bile and functions in the
metabolism(breaking down tissues) of nutrients for the body. The gallbladder stores
bile. The pancreas secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
Name the kidney's three protective layers. - answerThe three protective layers of the
kidney are the renal capsule, perirenal fat, and the renal fascia.
Fill in the blank: ____ is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. - answerThe
nephron
Describe the parts of the nephron. - answerThe nephron starts at the glomerulus, the
tubule starting with the proximal convoluted portion, the loop of Henle, the distal
convoluted portion, and the collecting tubule.
Describe how urine is formed in the nephron. - answerGlomerular filtration pulls water
and waste products out of the blood and into the tubule. As the tubule runs along a
capillary, the contents of the filtrate are refined as more waste products are added to the
filtrate, and proteins, glucose, ions, and water are reabsorbed into the blood.
Describe the path of urine from the kidney to outside the body - answerUrine flows from
the kidney, through the ureter, to the urinary bladder, to the urethra, and out of the
urethra through the urinary meatus.
Describe the differences between the male urethra and the female urethra. - answerThe
male urethra is longer than the female urethra and it carries both urine and semen out
of the body.
A patient presents with swelling of the parotid gland, mouth pain with meals, and
tenderness at the opening of the parotid duct on the buccal What is the medical term for
