BIOL 103 final
Which statement is true about the nitrogenous base composition of double stranded
DNA?
A. the percentage of A+T = the percentage of G+C
B. both of the above statements are true
C. the percentage of A+G = the percentage of T+C - answerC. the percentage of A+G =
the percentage of T+C
The arrow on the bottom left is pointing to a region of DNA that is being replicated:
a. discontinuously
b. continuously - answerb. continuously
You are designing a drug to block DNA polymerization (the reaction catalyzed by DNA
polymerase). You want to design a synthetic nucleotide that acts as a "blocker" of the
growing chain. Based on what we learned in class, you should focus on altering what is
attached to which carbon? - answer3'
Heat disrupts hydrogen bonds. What would be the consequence of heating DNA?
a. the nitrogenous bases would separate from the DNA backbone leaving free
nitrogenous bases in solution
b.The nucleotides would separate from each other leading to a pool of free nucleotides
c. the double stranded DNA would become single stranded - answerc. the double
stranded DNA would become single stranded
Which of the following newly-synthesized DNA strands would at some point contain
RNA? Choose all that apply. - answerall of them
In both PCR and in vivo replication:
a. polymerase adds to the 3' end of a growing strand of DNA
b. none of the above are true
c. heat is used to separate the two strands
d. both a leading and lagging strand exist
e. helicases are necessary
f. more than one of the above is true - answerpolymerase adds to the 3' end of a
growing strand of DNA
One major difference between in vitro replication and in vivo replication is that in vitro
replication only involves the transcription of a short fragment of DNA, whereas in vivo
replication involves transcription of the entire genome.
T or F? - answerF
In which cells would you NOT expect to find telomerase activity?
,a. stem cells from an early mouse embryo
b. breast cancer cells in culture at UNC hospitals
c. germ cells in the testes of a blue whale
d. skin cells from a 75 year old woman - answerd. skin cells from a 75 year old woman
You are a geneticist working at SpaceX and you are asked to engineer mice that have a
human beta hemoglobin gene. To test which mice have incorporated the gene, you
design primers specific to the human beta hemoglobin gene. In addition to the mouse
samples of DNA you test, you have a sample of only water and a sample of DNA from a
mouse that you did not genetically alter in any way. What, if anything, is a problem with
this design?
a. You are missing a positive control to detect if the PCR reaction is working.
b. You are missing a negative control to be able to see contamination and false
positives
c. Nothing, the design looks great and you should have a set of mice to your boss in no
time. - answera. You are missing a positive control to detect if the PCR reaction is
working.
Below is a sequence of one strand of DNA. The bold portion is a region you want to
amplify.
5' TTGGCC GTCGGCTGCCTTCTCCT AGGAG 3' - answerDOUBLE CHECK
5'AGAAG3'
With regards to an inhibitory pathway, you would predict that a cell would divide when:
a. signal is present
b. signal is removed - answerb. signal is removed
By using flow cytometry and propidium iodide, we can distinguish cells in different
stages of the cell cycle based on
a. the presence of CDKs on the plasma membrane
b. the rise and fall of certain of cyclins being expressed on the cell surface
c. how big a cell is
d. the density/amount of DNA
e. whether a spindle fiber is formed or not - answerd. the density/amount of DNA
If a cell in G1 has 2X content, what would it have at G2? At anaphase? - answer4x;4x
See the parent cell above (has 6 chromosomes). One daughter cell ends up with 6
chromosomes but the other daughter cell ends up with 5 chromosomes. What was
probably not functioning probably based on these results?
a. The M checkpoint was faulty
b. Cytokinesis did not occur correctly
c. The cell did not go through S phase - answera. The M checkpoint was faulty
You are trying to figure out what type of cells are in a sample you've found. So, you
decide to run a PCR with primers specific for the telomerase gene. You run
, correct/appropriate positive and negative controls (here, your negative control is water)
for your PCR. You obtain these results after running your gel: telomerase gene present
Based on these results, what could your unknown cells be? One or more may be
correct, so choose all that apply.
a. Brain cancer cells
b. Hematopoietic (blood) stem cells
c. Retina (eye) cells
d. Embryonic stem cells
e. Heart muscle cells - answerALL bc:
Is the DNA the same in all cells? YES! Remember that a PCR is telling you about the
DNA, and we know that the DNA for the telomerase gene is present in ALL CELLS.
That means that you should see a telomerase band in your PCR from ANY CELL
TYPE.
Consider a neutrophil and neuron (distinct cell types) from the same individual. What
will be the exact same about these cells?
a. None of the options are correct
b. The promoter sequence for the insulin gene
c. More than one of the options are correct
d. The proteins they express
e. The transcription factors they express - answerb. The promoter sequence for the
insulin gene
Which of the following are true of BOTH stem cells and cancer cells, according to what
we learned in class? One or more answers may be correct, so select all that apply.
a. Ability to migrate
b. Undergo mitosis
c. Abnormal number of chromosomes
d. Immortality - answera, b, d
All the promoters for the genes found within a single eukaryotic cell are identical, since
the DNA in all cells is the same.
T or F - answerF
Which of the following processes take place during the embryonic development of a
multi-cellular organism, based on what we learned in class? One or more answers may
be correct, so select all that apply.
a. Changes in gene expression of cells
b. Mitosis
c. Activation of signal transduction cascades
d. Apoptosis
e. Cell migration - answerall (a, b, c, d, e)
Which statement is true about the nitrogenous base composition of double stranded
DNA?
A. the percentage of A+T = the percentage of G+C
B. both of the above statements are true
C. the percentage of A+G = the percentage of T+C - answerC. the percentage of A+G =
the percentage of T+C
The arrow on the bottom left is pointing to a region of DNA that is being replicated:
a. discontinuously
b. continuously - answerb. continuously
You are designing a drug to block DNA polymerization (the reaction catalyzed by DNA
polymerase). You want to design a synthetic nucleotide that acts as a "blocker" of the
growing chain. Based on what we learned in class, you should focus on altering what is
attached to which carbon? - answer3'
Heat disrupts hydrogen bonds. What would be the consequence of heating DNA?
a. the nitrogenous bases would separate from the DNA backbone leaving free
nitrogenous bases in solution
b.The nucleotides would separate from each other leading to a pool of free nucleotides
c. the double stranded DNA would become single stranded - answerc. the double
stranded DNA would become single stranded
Which of the following newly-synthesized DNA strands would at some point contain
RNA? Choose all that apply. - answerall of them
In both PCR and in vivo replication:
a. polymerase adds to the 3' end of a growing strand of DNA
b. none of the above are true
c. heat is used to separate the two strands
d. both a leading and lagging strand exist
e. helicases are necessary
f. more than one of the above is true - answerpolymerase adds to the 3' end of a
growing strand of DNA
One major difference between in vitro replication and in vivo replication is that in vitro
replication only involves the transcription of a short fragment of DNA, whereas in vivo
replication involves transcription of the entire genome.
T or F? - answerF
In which cells would you NOT expect to find telomerase activity?
,a. stem cells from an early mouse embryo
b. breast cancer cells in culture at UNC hospitals
c. germ cells in the testes of a blue whale
d. skin cells from a 75 year old woman - answerd. skin cells from a 75 year old woman
You are a geneticist working at SpaceX and you are asked to engineer mice that have a
human beta hemoglobin gene. To test which mice have incorporated the gene, you
design primers specific to the human beta hemoglobin gene. In addition to the mouse
samples of DNA you test, you have a sample of only water and a sample of DNA from a
mouse that you did not genetically alter in any way. What, if anything, is a problem with
this design?
a. You are missing a positive control to detect if the PCR reaction is working.
b. You are missing a negative control to be able to see contamination and false
positives
c. Nothing, the design looks great and you should have a set of mice to your boss in no
time. - answera. You are missing a positive control to detect if the PCR reaction is
working.
Below is a sequence of one strand of DNA. The bold portion is a region you want to
amplify.
5' TTGGCC GTCGGCTGCCTTCTCCT AGGAG 3' - answerDOUBLE CHECK
5'AGAAG3'
With regards to an inhibitory pathway, you would predict that a cell would divide when:
a. signal is present
b. signal is removed - answerb. signal is removed
By using flow cytometry and propidium iodide, we can distinguish cells in different
stages of the cell cycle based on
a. the presence of CDKs on the plasma membrane
b. the rise and fall of certain of cyclins being expressed on the cell surface
c. how big a cell is
d. the density/amount of DNA
e. whether a spindle fiber is formed or not - answerd. the density/amount of DNA
If a cell in G1 has 2X content, what would it have at G2? At anaphase? - answer4x;4x
See the parent cell above (has 6 chromosomes). One daughter cell ends up with 6
chromosomes but the other daughter cell ends up with 5 chromosomes. What was
probably not functioning probably based on these results?
a. The M checkpoint was faulty
b. Cytokinesis did not occur correctly
c. The cell did not go through S phase - answera. The M checkpoint was faulty
You are trying to figure out what type of cells are in a sample you've found. So, you
decide to run a PCR with primers specific for the telomerase gene. You run
, correct/appropriate positive and negative controls (here, your negative control is water)
for your PCR. You obtain these results after running your gel: telomerase gene present
Based on these results, what could your unknown cells be? One or more may be
correct, so choose all that apply.
a. Brain cancer cells
b. Hematopoietic (blood) stem cells
c. Retina (eye) cells
d. Embryonic stem cells
e. Heart muscle cells - answerALL bc:
Is the DNA the same in all cells? YES! Remember that a PCR is telling you about the
DNA, and we know that the DNA for the telomerase gene is present in ALL CELLS.
That means that you should see a telomerase band in your PCR from ANY CELL
TYPE.
Consider a neutrophil and neuron (distinct cell types) from the same individual. What
will be the exact same about these cells?
a. None of the options are correct
b. The promoter sequence for the insulin gene
c. More than one of the options are correct
d. The proteins they express
e. The transcription factors they express - answerb. The promoter sequence for the
insulin gene
Which of the following are true of BOTH stem cells and cancer cells, according to what
we learned in class? One or more answers may be correct, so select all that apply.
a. Ability to migrate
b. Undergo mitosis
c. Abnormal number of chromosomes
d. Immortality - answera, b, d
All the promoters for the genes found within a single eukaryotic cell are identical, since
the DNA in all cells is the same.
T or F - answerF
Which of the following processes take place during the embryonic development of a
multi-cellular organism, based on what we learned in class? One or more answers may
be correct, so select all that apply.
a. Changes in gene expression of cells
b. Mitosis
c. Activation of signal transduction cascades
d. Apoptosis
e. Cell migration - answerall (a, b, c, d, e)
