NIU Biology 103 Final Exam
No nucleus, no organelles, 1 circular chromosome - answer prokaryote
Has nucleus and organelles, multiple line chromosomes - answer eukaryote
Hypothesis - answer proposed/predicted explanation as to why something happens
Theory - answer a collection of research that leads a generalized statement that is
usually accepted by the scientific community to be true
What makes a scientific hypothesis valid - answerit has to be falsifiable and testable
How is life organized - answer molecule> organelle> cell> tissue> organ> organ
system> organism> population> community
absence of carbon - answer inorganic molecules
have carbon - answer organic molecules
Why is carbon such an important element - answer carbon is a small element that can
form up to 4 covalent bonds
Nucleotides are composed of - answersugar, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases
ATGC = - answerDNA (A_GC)
AUGC = - answerRNA (A_GC)
DNA is ___ stranded - answerdouble
RNA is ___ stranded - answersingle
Hydrolysis - answeris the addition of water to break apart bonds into smaller subunits
Dehydration synthesis - answeris the removal of water to form bonds building polymers
Main polysaccharides are - answerstarch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose
Carbohydrates formula - answerCH2xO
Lipids - answerare hydrophobic macromolecules that are not built from monomers
, Triglycerides = - answerglycerol and fatty acids chains
Fatty acids chains can be - answersaturated or unsaturated
What lipid makes up the cell membrane - answerphospholipids
Proteins consist of - answer20 different animo acids
What gives the proteins different characteristics - answerthe arrangement of amino
acids
Proteins can get denatured in the presence of - answerhigh heat or pH differences
pH stands for - answerpotential hydrogen and record the amount of H+ ions in a
solution
A pH of 7 is - answerneutral
A pH below 7 is - answeracidic
pH above 7 is - answerbasic
An ion is - answeran element that has either lost or gained an electron an there, it has a
charge
Na+, Cl-, K+ are - answerions
Fluid mosaic model - answersuggests that the plasma membrane consists of proteins
embedded in a phospholipid bi-layer
Selectively permeable refers - answerto the fact that some molecules can easily pass
the membrane, while others cannot simply pass
Which molecules pass easily - answerHydrophobic, non-polar, un-charged, and small
Which molecules are difficult to pass - answerlarge, charged, polar, and hydrophilic
Small cells - answerlarger surface area to volume ratio is advantageous for exchanging
molecules
Large cells - answersurface area relative to volume decreases
Surface-area-to-volume ratio - answerrequires that cells be small
Active transport - answerprocesses of moving material through the cell membrane that
requires the use of energy
No nucleus, no organelles, 1 circular chromosome - answer prokaryote
Has nucleus and organelles, multiple line chromosomes - answer eukaryote
Hypothesis - answer proposed/predicted explanation as to why something happens
Theory - answer a collection of research that leads a generalized statement that is
usually accepted by the scientific community to be true
What makes a scientific hypothesis valid - answerit has to be falsifiable and testable
How is life organized - answer molecule> organelle> cell> tissue> organ> organ
system> organism> population> community
absence of carbon - answer inorganic molecules
have carbon - answer organic molecules
Why is carbon such an important element - answer carbon is a small element that can
form up to 4 covalent bonds
Nucleotides are composed of - answersugar, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases
ATGC = - answerDNA (A_GC)
AUGC = - answerRNA (A_GC)
DNA is ___ stranded - answerdouble
RNA is ___ stranded - answersingle
Hydrolysis - answeris the addition of water to break apart bonds into smaller subunits
Dehydration synthesis - answeris the removal of water to form bonds building polymers
Main polysaccharides are - answerstarch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose
Carbohydrates formula - answerCH2xO
Lipids - answerare hydrophobic macromolecules that are not built from monomers
, Triglycerides = - answerglycerol and fatty acids chains
Fatty acids chains can be - answersaturated or unsaturated
What lipid makes up the cell membrane - answerphospholipids
Proteins consist of - answer20 different animo acids
What gives the proteins different characteristics - answerthe arrangement of amino
acids
Proteins can get denatured in the presence of - answerhigh heat or pH differences
pH stands for - answerpotential hydrogen and record the amount of H+ ions in a
solution
A pH of 7 is - answerneutral
A pH below 7 is - answeracidic
pH above 7 is - answerbasic
An ion is - answeran element that has either lost or gained an electron an there, it has a
charge
Na+, Cl-, K+ are - answerions
Fluid mosaic model - answersuggests that the plasma membrane consists of proteins
embedded in a phospholipid bi-layer
Selectively permeable refers - answerto the fact that some molecules can easily pass
the membrane, while others cannot simply pass
Which molecules pass easily - answerHydrophobic, non-polar, un-charged, and small
Which molecules are difficult to pass - answerlarge, charged, polar, and hydrophilic
Small cells - answerlarger surface area to volume ratio is advantageous for exchanging
molecules
Large cells - answersurface area relative to volume decreases
Surface-area-to-volume ratio - answerrequires that cells be small
Active transport - answerprocesses of moving material through the cell membrane that
requires the use of energy
