MSN 623 Exam 1 Questions with
Verified Answers
schedule I - ANSWERSPotential for abuse is so high as to be unacceptable. May be
used for research with appropriate limitations. Examples are heroin, LSD, and cocaine.
schedule II - ANSWERSHigh potential for abuse and severe dependence liability;
current, accepted medical use; prescription drug-signed, not stamped prescription. 30-
day supply, no refills. Examples: opium, morphine, methadone.
schedule III - ANSWERSLess abuse potential, than C-II; low-moderate physical
dependence. High psychological dependence; by prescription only, which expires in 6
months. Maximum of five refills on one script. Examples: Tylenol with codeine and
hydrocodone
schedule IV - ANSWERSLess abuse potential than C-III; accepted medical use; limited
physical and psychological dependence; written or verbal prescription, expires in 6
months; maximum of five refills on one script. Examples: Librium, and valium.
schedule V - ANSWERSLimited abuse potential; accepted medical use; small amounts
of narcotics used as antitussives (cough medicine) or antidiarrheals; may not need a
prescription but must be recorded as a transaction. Examples: lomotil and Robitussin A-
C.
info included in writing prescription - ANSWERSa. Date
b. Patients full name, legal name
c. Name of medication written out
d. The dose
e. The SIQ: directions
f. Dispensing amount, how much you want them to get
g. Refill: zero or none
h. Signature, full signature. APNP at the end.
a. Decongestants: - ANSWERSpseudoephedrine. They work like the sympathetic
nervous system they cause vasoconstriction, so the histamine doesn't cause boogers,
drainage, inflammation
b. Cause blood vessels to constrict
Sympathomimetics - ANSWERSDrugs used therapeutically that mimic the
catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Also called adrenergic
agonists.
i. Reduce nasal congestion (do not reduce rhinorrhea, sneezing, or itching)
ii. Activate alpha1-adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels
, iii. Adverse effects
1. Rebound congestion
2. CNS stimulation
3. Cardiovascular effects and stroke
4. Abuse
Antihistamine-sympathomimetic combinations - ANSWERS1. Ipratropium bromide
[Atrovent]
2. Montelukast [Singulair]
3. Omalizumab [Xolair]
steady state - ANSWERSThe physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed
via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose.
In pharmacokinetics, steady state refers to the situation where the overall intake of a
drug is fairly in dynamic equilibrium with its elimination. In practice, it is generally
considered that steady state is reached when a time of 4 to 5 times the half-life for a
drug after regular dosing is started. Whatever medication is going in is coming out.
minimum effective concentration - ANSWERSthere is a minimum amount of the
medication in the body doing the job. It is defined as the minimum concentration of drug
in plasma required to produce the therapeutic effect. It reflects the minimum
concentration of drug at the receptor site to elicit the desired pharmacological response.
therapeutic levels - ANSWERSis the concentration of a drug in the blood serum that
produces the desired effect without toxicity.
what they will check for, must be at certain level to make sure there is enough
medication on board. The therapeutic level of a drug in the bloodstream is the range
within which that drug is expected to be effective without causing any serious problems
to the patient.
toxic levels - ANSWERStoo high. Need to bring the level down. The person will start to
see side effects and adverse effects.
synergistic effect - ANSWERSinteraction of two or more medicines that results in a
greater effect than when the medicines are taken alone
using two different medications that work on different mechanisms of action to get
desired effects. Ex: codeine for pain. Add acetaminophen. (Tylenol-3). An interaction
between two or more drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than
the sum of the individual effects of each drug. A synergistic effect can be beneficial or
harmful.
half life - ANSWERSA medication's biological half-life refers simply to how long it takes
for half of the dose to be metabolized and eliminated from the bloodstream. Or, put
another way, the half-life of a drug is the time it takes for it to be reduced by half.
Verified Answers
schedule I - ANSWERSPotential for abuse is so high as to be unacceptable. May be
used for research with appropriate limitations. Examples are heroin, LSD, and cocaine.
schedule II - ANSWERSHigh potential for abuse and severe dependence liability;
current, accepted medical use; prescription drug-signed, not stamped prescription. 30-
day supply, no refills. Examples: opium, morphine, methadone.
schedule III - ANSWERSLess abuse potential, than C-II; low-moderate physical
dependence. High psychological dependence; by prescription only, which expires in 6
months. Maximum of five refills on one script. Examples: Tylenol with codeine and
hydrocodone
schedule IV - ANSWERSLess abuse potential than C-III; accepted medical use; limited
physical and psychological dependence; written or verbal prescription, expires in 6
months; maximum of five refills on one script. Examples: Librium, and valium.
schedule V - ANSWERSLimited abuse potential; accepted medical use; small amounts
of narcotics used as antitussives (cough medicine) or antidiarrheals; may not need a
prescription but must be recorded as a transaction. Examples: lomotil and Robitussin A-
C.
info included in writing prescription - ANSWERSa. Date
b. Patients full name, legal name
c. Name of medication written out
d. The dose
e. The SIQ: directions
f. Dispensing amount, how much you want them to get
g. Refill: zero or none
h. Signature, full signature. APNP at the end.
a. Decongestants: - ANSWERSpseudoephedrine. They work like the sympathetic
nervous system they cause vasoconstriction, so the histamine doesn't cause boogers,
drainage, inflammation
b. Cause blood vessels to constrict
Sympathomimetics - ANSWERSDrugs used therapeutically that mimic the
catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Also called adrenergic
agonists.
i. Reduce nasal congestion (do not reduce rhinorrhea, sneezing, or itching)
ii. Activate alpha1-adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels
, iii. Adverse effects
1. Rebound congestion
2. CNS stimulation
3. Cardiovascular effects and stroke
4. Abuse
Antihistamine-sympathomimetic combinations - ANSWERS1. Ipratropium bromide
[Atrovent]
2. Montelukast [Singulair]
3. Omalizumab [Xolair]
steady state - ANSWERSThe physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed
via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose.
In pharmacokinetics, steady state refers to the situation where the overall intake of a
drug is fairly in dynamic equilibrium with its elimination. In practice, it is generally
considered that steady state is reached when a time of 4 to 5 times the half-life for a
drug after regular dosing is started. Whatever medication is going in is coming out.
minimum effective concentration - ANSWERSthere is a minimum amount of the
medication in the body doing the job. It is defined as the minimum concentration of drug
in plasma required to produce the therapeutic effect. It reflects the minimum
concentration of drug at the receptor site to elicit the desired pharmacological response.
therapeutic levels - ANSWERSis the concentration of a drug in the blood serum that
produces the desired effect without toxicity.
what they will check for, must be at certain level to make sure there is enough
medication on board. The therapeutic level of a drug in the bloodstream is the range
within which that drug is expected to be effective without causing any serious problems
to the patient.
toxic levels - ANSWERStoo high. Need to bring the level down. The person will start to
see side effects and adverse effects.
synergistic effect - ANSWERSinteraction of two or more medicines that results in a
greater effect than when the medicines are taken alone
using two different medications that work on different mechanisms of action to get
desired effects. Ex: codeine for pain. Add acetaminophen. (Tylenol-3). An interaction
between two or more drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than
the sum of the individual effects of each drug. A synergistic effect can be beneficial or
harmful.
half life - ANSWERSA medication's biological half-life refers simply to how long it takes
for half of the dose to be metabolized and eliminated from the bloodstream. Or, put
another way, the half-life of a drug is the time it takes for it to be reduced by half.
