NEW NR 226/NR226 (2025/2026) UPDATE
FUNDAMENTALS: PATIENT CARE REVIEW EXAM
2 WITH ALL COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
Page | 1
DETAILED CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
(EXPERTLY VERIFIED) GUARANTEED
PASS|ALREADY TOP RATED A+.
NR 226
Ace NR 226/NR226 Exam 2 – Fundamentals of Patient Care
(2025/2026) with confidence. Questions Covers essential topics
including safety, hygiene, mobility, and nursing interventions with
clear explanations. Ideal for nursing students Perfect for guaranteed
exam success.
main causes of electrolytes imbalance ...... ANSWER
...... changes in diet, GI malfunction, renal problems,
medications, procedures or an entire disease process (all of
these can cause either hypo or hyper in elecctrolytes)
normal sodium (Na) levels ...... ANSWER ...... 136-
145 mEq/L
hypernatremia (hypertonic body fluids) ...... ANSWER
...... abnormally high sodium ion concentration in the
blood
, causes of hypernatremia ...... ANSWER ......
excessive/rapid IV administration of normal saline,
inadequate water intake and kidney disease
Page | 2
signs and symptoms of hypernatremia ...... ANSWER
...... confusion, dry mucous membranes, neck vein is
flat, dry skin, furrows in tongue (common in the older
population), skin tenting, intense thirst, oliguria to anuria,
dark urine, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia with
thready pulse, tachypnea, hypoxia, weight loss, specific
gravity of urine is high, HCT is high
treatment for hypernatremia ...... ANSWER ......
weigh patient daily, monitor intake & output, monitor
weight, and monitor vitals; assess skin turgor, place
patient on sodium-restricted diet, and administer
hypotonic IV fluids or isotonic IV fluids (NS)
hyponatremia (hypotonic body fluids) ...... ANSWER
...... abnormally low sodium ion concentration in the
blood
causes of hyponatremia ...... ANSWER ...... decreased
sodium intake, increased sodium excretion due to
suctioning
, signs and symptoms of hyponatremia ...... ANSWER
...... confusion, nausea and vomiting, abdominal
Page | 3
cramping, weight gain, cold clammy skin, sticky and moist
mucous membrane, fatigue, dyspnea, shortness of breath,
crackles, periorbital edema, distended JVD, polyuria,
restlessness, irritability, muscle weakness, spasms or
cramps, seizures, coma, specific gravity of urine is low,
HCT is low
treatment for hyponatremia ...... ANSWER ......
provide high sodium foods, auscultate lungs (crackles),
administer hypertonic IV fluids or isotonic IV fluids (NS),
monitor intake and output, monitor weight, and monitor
vital signs, note that body weight is the best indicator that
shows if patient is losing or gaining weight, monitor daily
weight at the same time of the day, patient should should
wear the same gown, use the same weighing scale and use
the same calibrations (use pounds or kg be consistent)
normal value of potassium ...... ANSWER ...... 3.5 -
5.0 mEq/L (think the heart, dysrhythmias in both hypo
and hyperkalemia and use 12 leads ECG or EKG)
, hyperkalemia ...... ANSWER ...... abnormally high
potassium ion concentration in the blood
Page | 4
causes of hyperkalemia ...... ANSWER ...... increased
potassium intake and absorption, shift of potassium from
cells into the ECF, and decreased potassium output; people
who have renal issues such as oliguria (decreased urine
output) are at high risk of hyperkalemia; understanding
this principle helps you remember to check urine output
before you administer IV solutions containing potassium
signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia ...... ANSWER
...... muscle weakness, potentially life-threatening
cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, numbness, tingling, irritability, and flaccid
paralysis
treatment for hyperkalemia ...... ANSWER ......
include sodium polystyrene (remove excess potassium via
bowel) and Keyaxalate enema removes excess potassium
via stool). diet: no potassium foods; no use of salt
supplements, monitor acid base balance because too much
potassium in the body can cause the blood to become
acidic; monitor ECG or EKG with vital signs
FUNDAMENTALS: PATIENT CARE REVIEW EXAM
2 WITH ALL COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
Page | 1
DETAILED CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
(EXPERTLY VERIFIED) GUARANTEED
PASS|ALREADY TOP RATED A+.
NR 226
Ace NR 226/NR226 Exam 2 – Fundamentals of Patient Care
(2025/2026) with confidence. Questions Covers essential topics
including safety, hygiene, mobility, and nursing interventions with
clear explanations. Ideal for nursing students Perfect for guaranteed
exam success.
main causes of electrolytes imbalance ...... ANSWER
...... changes in diet, GI malfunction, renal problems,
medications, procedures or an entire disease process (all of
these can cause either hypo or hyper in elecctrolytes)
normal sodium (Na) levels ...... ANSWER ...... 136-
145 mEq/L
hypernatremia (hypertonic body fluids) ...... ANSWER
...... abnormally high sodium ion concentration in the
blood
, causes of hypernatremia ...... ANSWER ......
excessive/rapid IV administration of normal saline,
inadequate water intake and kidney disease
Page | 2
signs and symptoms of hypernatremia ...... ANSWER
...... confusion, dry mucous membranes, neck vein is
flat, dry skin, furrows in tongue (common in the older
population), skin tenting, intense thirst, oliguria to anuria,
dark urine, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia with
thready pulse, tachypnea, hypoxia, weight loss, specific
gravity of urine is high, HCT is high
treatment for hypernatremia ...... ANSWER ......
weigh patient daily, monitor intake & output, monitor
weight, and monitor vitals; assess skin turgor, place
patient on sodium-restricted diet, and administer
hypotonic IV fluids or isotonic IV fluids (NS)
hyponatremia (hypotonic body fluids) ...... ANSWER
...... abnormally low sodium ion concentration in the
blood
causes of hyponatremia ...... ANSWER ...... decreased
sodium intake, increased sodium excretion due to
suctioning
, signs and symptoms of hyponatremia ...... ANSWER
...... confusion, nausea and vomiting, abdominal
Page | 3
cramping, weight gain, cold clammy skin, sticky and moist
mucous membrane, fatigue, dyspnea, shortness of breath,
crackles, periorbital edema, distended JVD, polyuria,
restlessness, irritability, muscle weakness, spasms or
cramps, seizures, coma, specific gravity of urine is low,
HCT is low
treatment for hyponatremia ...... ANSWER ......
provide high sodium foods, auscultate lungs (crackles),
administer hypertonic IV fluids or isotonic IV fluids (NS),
monitor intake and output, monitor weight, and monitor
vital signs, note that body weight is the best indicator that
shows if patient is losing or gaining weight, monitor daily
weight at the same time of the day, patient should should
wear the same gown, use the same weighing scale and use
the same calibrations (use pounds or kg be consistent)
normal value of potassium ...... ANSWER ...... 3.5 -
5.0 mEq/L (think the heart, dysrhythmias in both hypo
and hyperkalemia and use 12 leads ECG or EKG)
, hyperkalemia ...... ANSWER ...... abnormally high
potassium ion concentration in the blood
Page | 4
causes of hyperkalemia ...... ANSWER ...... increased
potassium intake and absorption, shift of potassium from
cells into the ECF, and decreased potassium output; people
who have renal issues such as oliguria (decreased urine
output) are at high risk of hyperkalemia; understanding
this principle helps you remember to check urine output
before you administer IV solutions containing potassium
signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia ...... ANSWER
...... muscle weakness, potentially life-threatening
cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, numbness, tingling, irritability, and flaccid
paralysis
treatment for hyperkalemia ...... ANSWER ......
include sodium polystyrene (remove excess potassium via
bowel) and Keyaxalate enema removes excess potassium
via stool). diet: no potassium foods; no use of salt
supplements, monitor acid base balance because too much
potassium in the body can cause the blood to become
acidic; monitor ECG or EKG with vital signs
