NEW (2025/2026) CS6250 COMPUTER NETWORKS
EXAM 1 WITH ALL COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
Page | 1
(EXPERTLY VERIFIED) GUARANTEED
PASS|ALREADY TOP RATED A+.
CS6250
Ace your CS6250 Computer Networks Exam 1 2025/2026 with
confidence. This comprehensive exam resource questions focus on core
networking concepts such as protocols, architectures, and network
layers. Perfect for students preparing for their first exam, it helps
reinforce key topics like TCP/IP, routing, and congestion control.
Boost your confidence and understanding of computer networks with
this essential resource.
What are advantages and disadvantages of a layered
architecture? ....... ANSWER ....... Each protocol layer
offers different services. Some advantages are scalability,
flexibility, and ease of adding / removing components
making it easier for cost-effective implementations.
Disadvantages include: some layers functionality depends
on the information from the other layer and violates the
goal of layer separation; one layer may duplicate lower
layer functionalities; overhead both in computation and in
message headers caused by abstraction barriers between
layers.
, What are the differences and similarities of the OSI model
and five-layered Internet model? ....... ANSWER .......
The OSI model and the 5-layered Internet Model have
Page | 2 many of the same layers, with the difference being three of
the layers are combined in the 5-layered model. Specifically
the five-layer model combines the application,
presentation, and session layers from the OSI model into a
single application layer.
What are sockets? ....... ANSWER ....... A network
socket is a software structure within a network node of a
computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending
and receiving data across the network. The structure and
properties of a socket are defined by an application
programming interface (API) for the networking
architecture. Sockets are created only during the lifetime of
a process of an application running in the
node.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_socket."A
process sends messages into, and receives messages from,
the network through a software interface called a socket.
Let's consider an analogy to help us understand processes
and sockets. A process is analogous to a house and its
socket is analogous to its door....a socket is the interface
between the application layer and the transport layer
within a host." - Kurose and Ross, 2.1
, Describe each layer of the OSI model. ....... ANSWER
....... Application layer: Service, Interface, Protocol. Ex:
Turn on your smartphone and look at the list of apps.
Page | 3
(HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DNS)
Presentation layer: Plays intermediate role of formatting
the information received from the layer below and
delivering it to the application layer. Ex: converting big
endian to little endian.
Session layer: Responsible for the mechanism that manages
the different transport streams that belong to the same
session between end-user and application process. Ex:
teleconference app, it is responsible for tying together
audio and video streaming.
Transport layer: Responsible for the end-to-end
communication between end hosts. 2 transport protocols,
TCP and UDP. TCP includes a connection-oriented
service to the applications that are running on the layer
above, guaranteed delivery of the application-layer
messages, flow control, and congestion control
mechanism. UDP provides a connectionless, best-effort
service to the applications that are running in the layer
above without reliability, flow, or congestion control. In
this layer the packet is called a segment.
Network layer: This layer is responsible for moving the
packet of information, called a datagram, from one host to
another. The network layer is responsible for delivering the
, datagram to the Transport layer on the destination host. In
this layer there are the IP Protocol and the routing tables.
Data Link layer: Packets are referred to as frames.
Page | 4
Examples include: ethernet, ppp, wifi. Responsible for
moving the frames from one node (host or router) to the
next node. Services offered by the data link layer protocol
include reliable delivery (transmission of the data from one
transmitting node, across one link, to the receiving node.
Physical layer: This layer is the actual hardware
responsible to transfer bits within a frame between two
nodes c
Provide examples of popular protocols at each layer of the
five-layered Internet model. ....... ANSWER .......
Application: NFS, DNS, SNMP, ftp, rcp, telnet, HTTP
Transport: TCP, UDP
Internet: IP, ARP, ICMP
Data Link: PPP, IEEE 802.2, Ethernet
Physical Network: Token Ring, RS-232
What is encapsulation, and how is it used in a layered
model? ....... ANSWER ....... Encapsulation is when
data (called a header) is appended to the packet through
EXAM 1 WITH ALL COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
Page | 1
(EXPERTLY VERIFIED) GUARANTEED
PASS|ALREADY TOP RATED A+.
CS6250
Ace your CS6250 Computer Networks Exam 1 2025/2026 with
confidence. This comprehensive exam resource questions focus on core
networking concepts such as protocols, architectures, and network
layers. Perfect for students preparing for their first exam, it helps
reinforce key topics like TCP/IP, routing, and congestion control.
Boost your confidence and understanding of computer networks with
this essential resource.
What are advantages and disadvantages of a layered
architecture? ....... ANSWER ....... Each protocol layer
offers different services. Some advantages are scalability,
flexibility, and ease of adding / removing components
making it easier for cost-effective implementations.
Disadvantages include: some layers functionality depends
on the information from the other layer and violates the
goal of layer separation; one layer may duplicate lower
layer functionalities; overhead both in computation and in
message headers caused by abstraction barriers between
layers.
, What are the differences and similarities of the OSI model
and five-layered Internet model? ....... ANSWER .......
The OSI model and the 5-layered Internet Model have
Page | 2 many of the same layers, with the difference being three of
the layers are combined in the 5-layered model. Specifically
the five-layer model combines the application,
presentation, and session layers from the OSI model into a
single application layer.
What are sockets? ....... ANSWER ....... A network
socket is a software structure within a network node of a
computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending
and receiving data across the network. The structure and
properties of a socket are defined by an application
programming interface (API) for the networking
architecture. Sockets are created only during the lifetime of
a process of an application running in the
node.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_socket."A
process sends messages into, and receives messages from,
the network through a software interface called a socket.
Let's consider an analogy to help us understand processes
and sockets. A process is analogous to a house and its
socket is analogous to its door....a socket is the interface
between the application layer and the transport layer
within a host." - Kurose and Ross, 2.1
, Describe each layer of the OSI model. ....... ANSWER
....... Application layer: Service, Interface, Protocol. Ex:
Turn on your smartphone and look at the list of apps.
Page | 3
(HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DNS)
Presentation layer: Plays intermediate role of formatting
the information received from the layer below and
delivering it to the application layer. Ex: converting big
endian to little endian.
Session layer: Responsible for the mechanism that manages
the different transport streams that belong to the same
session between end-user and application process. Ex:
teleconference app, it is responsible for tying together
audio and video streaming.
Transport layer: Responsible for the end-to-end
communication between end hosts. 2 transport protocols,
TCP and UDP. TCP includes a connection-oriented
service to the applications that are running on the layer
above, guaranteed delivery of the application-layer
messages, flow control, and congestion control
mechanism. UDP provides a connectionless, best-effort
service to the applications that are running in the layer
above without reliability, flow, or congestion control. In
this layer the packet is called a segment.
Network layer: This layer is responsible for moving the
packet of information, called a datagram, from one host to
another. The network layer is responsible for delivering the
, datagram to the Transport layer on the destination host. In
this layer there are the IP Protocol and the routing tables.
Data Link layer: Packets are referred to as frames.
Page | 4
Examples include: ethernet, ppp, wifi. Responsible for
moving the frames from one node (host or router) to the
next node. Services offered by the data link layer protocol
include reliable delivery (transmission of the data from one
transmitting node, across one link, to the receiving node.
Physical layer: This layer is the actual hardware
responsible to transfer bits within a frame between two
nodes c
Provide examples of popular protocols at each layer of the
five-layered Internet model. ....... ANSWER .......
Application: NFS, DNS, SNMP, ftp, rcp, telnet, HTTP
Transport: TCP, UDP
Internet: IP, ARP, ICMP
Data Link: PPP, IEEE 802.2, Ethernet
Physical Network: Token Ring, RS-232
What is encapsulation, and how is it used in a layered
model? ....... ANSWER ....... Encapsulation is when
data (called a header) is appended to the packet through
