EXSC 410 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Motivational Interviewing - Answer --counseling technique that provides people with the
opportunity to talk about and resolve their feelings so they can move forward with
change
What is the counselor role in motivational interviewing? - Answer -helps client
strengthen intrinsic motivation for change
- expressions of empathy
- development of discrepancy
- rolling with resistance
- supporting self-efficacy
When would you use motivational interviewing ? - Answer -
PA intervention approaches: Informational Approaches - Answer --knowledge about
benefits of PA and how to become more active
-attitude toward PA
Mass Media Campaigns - Answer --provide people with information about PA through
newspapers, billboards, TV, podcasts, websites, social media, etc.
-insufficient evidence of effectiveness when used as a stand-alone intervention
Drawbacks to mass media campaigns - Answer --high costs
-may fail at reaching the target audience
-might actually have harmful effects
Community-Wide Campaigns - Answer --interventions that engage different community
members and organizations in the development and delivery of information aimed at
increasing PA
-recommended
drawbacks of community wide campaigns - Answer --require careful planning and
coordination
-need to train staff
-access to sufficient resources to implement
-need community buy in
-takes time to build trust-worthy relationships
point of decision prompts - Answer --motivational cues delivered at points where people
must choose between physically active and inactive options
-recommended
Drawbacks of point of decision prompts - Answer --primarily effectively for stair climbing
-only work when prompts are present
,Developing Maximally Effective Informational interventions - Answer --adapt physical
activity messages to the population
-emphasizes the benefits, rather than the risks, of exercise
--- make sure benefits are specific to the target population
-Provide simple but detailed "How to" information for starting an activity program
-South Asian Heart disease: Get more exercise
PA intervention approaches: Behavioral Approaches - Answer --behavioral
management skills for successfully initiating and maintaining a PA regimen
Behavioral Intervention Approaches - Answer --Teach and use behavioral skills to help
initiate and maintain physical activity
-behavioral interventions typically include counseling/couching:
1. one on one
2. group setting
3. telephone
4. email
5. online
6. goal-setting (SMART Goals)
7. developing action plans
8. self-monitoring
9. relapse prevention
10. plan for lapses (cog restructuring)
What is the recommendation for behavioral intervention approaches? - Answer -highly
effective intervention strategies for increasing people's physical activity levels
Drawbacks to behavioral Approaches - Answer --costly and time consuming
-places emphasis on the individual
-often lots of burden on the individual (self-monitoring)
PA Intervention approaches: Social Approaches - Answer --social influences and social
environments that facilitate PA
Face to face approaches - Answer --exercise groups
-buddy systems
-group support systems
Mediated approaches - Answer --telephone and email support systems
-social networking
Effectivenss of social approaches - Answer --hard to determine- insufficient evidence
-typically included with other approaches
---simultaneously delivered with other informational or behavioral approaches
, Drawback of social approaches - Answer --depends on group cooperation and
cohesion
-Example: Pate et al. 2003- well developed informational, behavioral, and social
intervention for 5th graders
-long-standing rivalries among children from different areas which impeded the delivery
of the intervention
PA intervention approaches: Environmental and Policy Approaches - Answer --Physical
environments to support PA
-Policies to support PA
Environmental/Policy Intervention Appoaches - Answer --designed to provide
environmental opportunities, support, and cues to help people become more physically
active
-interventions target policy, built environment, and social/cultural factors
Examples of Environmental/Policy Intervention approaches - Answer --creating
transportation policies to promote active forms of transport (adding bike racks to buses)
-Urban design and land use regulations, policies, and practices to support active
transportation and outdoor play
-modifying policies for curricula for PE classes
-increasing access to places where people can be physically active
Usually recommended but may take a long time or cost a lot
RE-AIM - Answer --a framework for evaluating for public health impact of physical
activity promotion interventions
-concerned with issues related to impact in real-world settings and then translation to
research to practice
5 dimensions to examine the impact of an intervention (RE-AIM): - Answer --reach
(individual level)
-efficacy/effectivenss (individual level)
-Adoption (setting)
-implementation (setting)
-maintain (individual and setting level)
Reach - Answer --Individual Level: absolute number, proportion and representativenss
of individuals who participate in a given initiative compared with those who don't
Questions for Reach: - Answer -What percentage of potentially eligible participants?
-were excluded?
-took part?
-how representative were they?
Motivational Interviewing - Answer --counseling technique that provides people with the
opportunity to talk about and resolve their feelings so they can move forward with
change
What is the counselor role in motivational interviewing? - Answer -helps client
strengthen intrinsic motivation for change
- expressions of empathy
- development of discrepancy
- rolling with resistance
- supporting self-efficacy
When would you use motivational interviewing ? - Answer -
PA intervention approaches: Informational Approaches - Answer --knowledge about
benefits of PA and how to become more active
-attitude toward PA
Mass Media Campaigns - Answer --provide people with information about PA through
newspapers, billboards, TV, podcasts, websites, social media, etc.
-insufficient evidence of effectiveness when used as a stand-alone intervention
Drawbacks to mass media campaigns - Answer --high costs
-may fail at reaching the target audience
-might actually have harmful effects
Community-Wide Campaigns - Answer --interventions that engage different community
members and organizations in the development and delivery of information aimed at
increasing PA
-recommended
drawbacks of community wide campaigns - Answer --require careful planning and
coordination
-need to train staff
-access to sufficient resources to implement
-need community buy in
-takes time to build trust-worthy relationships
point of decision prompts - Answer --motivational cues delivered at points where people
must choose between physically active and inactive options
-recommended
Drawbacks of point of decision prompts - Answer --primarily effectively for stair climbing
-only work when prompts are present
,Developing Maximally Effective Informational interventions - Answer --adapt physical
activity messages to the population
-emphasizes the benefits, rather than the risks, of exercise
--- make sure benefits are specific to the target population
-Provide simple but detailed "How to" information for starting an activity program
-South Asian Heart disease: Get more exercise
PA intervention approaches: Behavioral Approaches - Answer --behavioral
management skills for successfully initiating and maintaining a PA regimen
Behavioral Intervention Approaches - Answer --Teach and use behavioral skills to help
initiate and maintain physical activity
-behavioral interventions typically include counseling/couching:
1. one on one
2. group setting
3. telephone
4. email
5. online
6. goal-setting (SMART Goals)
7. developing action plans
8. self-monitoring
9. relapse prevention
10. plan for lapses (cog restructuring)
What is the recommendation for behavioral intervention approaches? - Answer -highly
effective intervention strategies for increasing people's physical activity levels
Drawbacks to behavioral Approaches - Answer --costly and time consuming
-places emphasis on the individual
-often lots of burden on the individual (self-monitoring)
PA Intervention approaches: Social Approaches - Answer --social influences and social
environments that facilitate PA
Face to face approaches - Answer --exercise groups
-buddy systems
-group support systems
Mediated approaches - Answer --telephone and email support systems
-social networking
Effectivenss of social approaches - Answer --hard to determine- insufficient evidence
-typically included with other approaches
---simultaneously delivered with other informational or behavioral approaches
, Drawback of social approaches - Answer --depends on group cooperation and
cohesion
-Example: Pate et al. 2003- well developed informational, behavioral, and social
intervention for 5th graders
-long-standing rivalries among children from different areas which impeded the delivery
of the intervention
PA intervention approaches: Environmental and Policy Approaches - Answer --Physical
environments to support PA
-Policies to support PA
Environmental/Policy Intervention Appoaches - Answer --designed to provide
environmental opportunities, support, and cues to help people become more physically
active
-interventions target policy, built environment, and social/cultural factors
Examples of Environmental/Policy Intervention approaches - Answer --creating
transportation policies to promote active forms of transport (adding bike racks to buses)
-Urban design and land use regulations, policies, and practices to support active
transportation and outdoor play
-modifying policies for curricula for PE classes
-increasing access to places where people can be physically active
Usually recommended but may take a long time or cost a lot
RE-AIM - Answer --a framework for evaluating for public health impact of physical
activity promotion interventions
-concerned with issues related to impact in real-world settings and then translation to
research to practice
5 dimensions to examine the impact of an intervention (RE-AIM): - Answer --reach
(individual level)
-efficacy/effectivenss (individual level)
-Adoption (setting)
-implementation (setting)
-maintain (individual and setting level)
Reach - Answer --Individual Level: absolute number, proportion and representativenss
of individuals who participate in a given initiative compared with those who don't
Questions for Reach: - Answer -What percentage of potentially eligible participants?
-were excluded?
-took part?
-how representative were they?
