EXSC 410 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why is PA measurement so important? - Answer -1. Specifiy what aspects of PA are
important for a given health outcome
2. Monitor changes in PA over time
3. Monitor the effectiveness of an exercise intervention
4. Determine the prevalence of people meeting the PA recommendations
Techniques to measure PA - Answer -subjective
objective
criterion
Subjective bias - Answer -recall, social desirability, misclassification, measurement
error
Objective measures - Answer -measurement error, analysis
Domains of PA - Answer -occupational
leisure-time
trasnportation
domestic
Dimensions of PA - Answer -Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
Validity - Answer -accurately assessing proposed measurement
Reliability - Answer -consistent and stable results
feasibility - Answer -practical application in a real-world setting
Epidemiology - Answer -the study of how a disease or health outcome is distrubuted in
populations
Primary goals of EPI - Answer -1. Distrubution of disease (who, when, where)
2. Risk factors associated with disease occurence (why)
3. prevent disease occurence by modifying risk factors
Epidemiologic measures - Answer -The frequency of a disease or condition, the
associations between exposures and health outcomes, and the strength of the
relationship between an exposure and a health outcome.
Five W's of Epi (PA) - Answer -Who exercises?
Where, when, and why do they do so?
What do they do?
,Goals of PA Epi - Answer -1. Describe the distubutions of PA-related behavior
2. Identify correlaytes of being active or inactive
3. investigate the association of PA with risk of disease
4. Prevent disease occurence by modifying PA-related behavior
1820 - Answer -British physcian, William Heberden
case history of heart disease
Jeremy Morris - Answer -1910-2009
Pioneer in studying PA & health
British Civil Servants - Answer -J. Morris
Data collected from 1950-1952
Examined occupational PA and cardiovascular risk
London Busmen Study - Answer -J. Morris
Data collected from 1956-1960
Ralph Paffenbarger - Answer -1922-2007
An epidemiologist who led an early and long-running health study of Harvard graduates
that was influential in promoting PA in preventing heart disease
Harvard Alumni Study - Answer -R. Paffenbarger
data collected from 1962-1978
examined PA levels across the course of the study in almost 17,000 Harvard alumni
4th leading cause of death worldwide - Answer -physical inactivity
What kind of diseases can be linked to inactivity? - Answer -non-communicable
Why do you think physical inactivity is so widely accepted? - Answer -Because of so
many modern conveniences, we have been engineering energy expenditures out of life.
For instance, because of so many desk jobs, occupational energy expenditures are
down, as are household and transportation energy expenditures. The number of
students who ride a bike or walk to school has decreased dramatically. And household
energy expenditures have dropped, too.
Recommended PA - Answer -meet the guidelins in a usual week
Insufficent PA - Answer -> 10 mins total per week of MV lifestly activities but < than the
recommended levels
Inactivity - Answer -< 10 mins total per week of MV lifestyle activities
, Leisure-time inactivity - Answer -no reported leisure-time physical activities (i.e., any
physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or
walking) in the previous month
personality - Answer -underlying, relatively stable. psychological structures and
processes that organize human experience and shape a person's actions and reactions
to the environment
personality core - Answer -the real person
typical responses - Answer -traits
role related behaviors - Answer -varies on context/situation
situation approach - Answer -determined largely by the situation or environment
trait approach - Answer -determined by relatively stable traits
ectomorph - Answer -tense, introverted, slightly antisocial
endomorph - Answer -affectionate, sociable, relaxes, enthusiastic
mesomorph - Answer -adventurous, dominant, aggressive, commanding
Male - Answer -instrumental presonality
risk taking, independence, aggressive, competitive
Female - Answer -expressive personality
understanding, sympathy, affection, compassion
traits - Answer -reflect motivational systems that increase adaptation to
positive/negative stimuli
Eysenck's personality theory - Answer -Extraversion-Introversion
Neuroticism-Stability
Psychoticism-Superego
a pioneer in personality theory
Extraversion-Introversion - Answer -sociability, assertiveness, expresiveness
Reticular formation -- mediation of arousal
Introverts - Answer -higher basal activation (avoid activation)
Extraverts - Answer -lower basal activation (seek activation)
Neuroticism-stability - Answer -shy, anxious, negative, controlled, calm, stressed
Why is PA measurement so important? - Answer -1. Specifiy what aspects of PA are
important for a given health outcome
2. Monitor changes in PA over time
3. Monitor the effectiveness of an exercise intervention
4. Determine the prevalence of people meeting the PA recommendations
Techniques to measure PA - Answer -subjective
objective
criterion
Subjective bias - Answer -recall, social desirability, misclassification, measurement
error
Objective measures - Answer -measurement error, analysis
Domains of PA - Answer -occupational
leisure-time
trasnportation
domestic
Dimensions of PA - Answer -Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
Validity - Answer -accurately assessing proposed measurement
Reliability - Answer -consistent and stable results
feasibility - Answer -practical application in a real-world setting
Epidemiology - Answer -the study of how a disease or health outcome is distrubuted in
populations
Primary goals of EPI - Answer -1. Distrubution of disease (who, when, where)
2. Risk factors associated with disease occurence (why)
3. prevent disease occurence by modifying risk factors
Epidemiologic measures - Answer -The frequency of a disease or condition, the
associations between exposures and health outcomes, and the strength of the
relationship between an exposure and a health outcome.
Five W's of Epi (PA) - Answer -Who exercises?
Where, when, and why do they do so?
What do they do?
,Goals of PA Epi - Answer -1. Describe the distubutions of PA-related behavior
2. Identify correlaytes of being active or inactive
3. investigate the association of PA with risk of disease
4. Prevent disease occurence by modifying PA-related behavior
1820 - Answer -British physcian, William Heberden
case history of heart disease
Jeremy Morris - Answer -1910-2009
Pioneer in studying PA & health
British Civil Servants - Answer -J. Morris
Data collected from 1950-1952
Examined occupational PA and cardiovascular risk
London Busmen Study - Answer -J. Morris
Data collected from 1956-1960
Ralph Paffenbarger - Answer -1922-2007
An epidemiologist who led an early and long-running health study of Harvard graduates
that was influential in promoting PA in preventing heart disease
Harvard Alumni Study - Answer -R. Paffenbarger
data collected from 1962-1978
examined PA levels across the course of the study in almost 17,000 Harvard alumni
4th leading cause of death worldwide - Answer -physical inactivity
What kind of diseases can be linked to inactivity? - Answer -non-communicable
Why do you think physical inactivity is so widely accepted? - Answer -Because of so
many modern conveniences, we have been engineering energy expenditures out of life.
For instance, because of so many desk jobs, occupational energy expenditures are
down, as are household and transportation energy expenditures. The number of
students who ride a bike or walk to school has decreased dramatically. And household
energy expenditures have dropped, too.
Recommended PA - Answer -meet the guidelins in a usual week
Insufficent PA - Answer -> 10 mins total per week of MV lifestly activities but < than the
recommended levels
Inactivity - Answer -< 10 mins total per week of MV lifestyle activities
, Leisure-time inactivity - Answer -no reported leisure-time physical activities (i.e., any
physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or
walking) in the previous month
personality - Answer -underlying, relatively stable. psychological structures and
processes that organize human experience and shape a person's actions and reactions
to the environment
personality core - Answer -the real person
typical responses - Answer -traits
role related behaviors - Answer -varies on context/situation
situation approach - Answer -determined largely by the situation or environment
trait approach - Answer -determined by relatively stable traits
ectomorph - Answer -tense, introverted, slightly antisocial
endomorph - Answer -affectionate, sociable, relaxes, enthusiastic
mesomorph - Answer -adventurous, dominant, aggressive, commanding
Male - Answer -instrumental presonality
risk taking, independence, aggressive, competitive
Female - Answer -expressive personality
understanding, sympathy, affection, compassion
traits - Answer -reflect motivational systems that increase adaptation to
positive/negative stimuli
Eysenck's personality theory - Answer -Extraversion-Introversion
Neuroticism-Stability
Psychoticism-Superego
a pioneer in personality theory
Extraversion-Introversion - Answer -sociability, assertiveness, expresiveness
Reticular formation -- mediation of arousal
Introverts - Answer -higher basal activation (avoid activation)
Extraverts - Answer -lower basal activation (seek activation)
Neuroticism-stability - Answer -shy, anxious, negative, controlled, calm, stressed
