Athabasca University, Athabasca; EDPY 470 - questions, concepts , quizzes (all) Latest fall 2025/26.

QUIZ 1 Question 1 1 / 1 point The field of organizational behaviour management is concerned with a) helping businesses increase their profits. b) the use of behavioural principles to help people manage their time more effectively. c) addressing behaviour problems as they exist at the level of corporate management. d) applying behaviour principles to individual and group behaviour in organizations. Question 2 1 / 1 point Of the following, which is an instance of behaviour? a) IQ b) skin colour c) smiling at a friend d) a paycheque Question 3 0 / 1 point What term is now favoured by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to refer to people who have significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour? a) developmental disability b) mental retardationc) intellectual challenge d) intellectual disability Question 4 1 / 1 point Which of the following options is an example of covert behaviour? a) thinking "24 times 2 equals 48" b) writing "24 times 2 equals 48" on paper c) eating lunch d) watching a movie Question 5 1 / 1 point Research in behaviour therapy has shown that a) it is more effective than alternative therapies for treating certain problems such as phobias. b) 80% of all therapists use it as their preferred mode of treatment. c) it is much less popular than psychodynamic therapy in treating adults. d) it is growing less popular. Question 6 1 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. Andy was recently divorced and often found himself remembering the good times he and his ex-wife used to have. Andy's friends were especially understanding of his wish to stay athome and talk about his failed marriage. a) a behaviour. b) a summary label. c) an explanatory fiction. d) a labelling effect. Question 7 0 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. Mel was good at tuning the guitar, told funny jokes, and was considered by many to be the life of the party. When asked why Mel was always invited to go places and do things, Mel's friend Bob said that it was because Mel was the life of the party. a) behaviour b) summary label c) explanatory fiction d) labelling effect Question 8 1 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. Judy liked to play games, take part in sports, and play with boys in the neighbourhood. Judy was well-known as a tomboy. When the girls in the neighbourhood heard that Judy was a tomboy, they decided not to play with her.a) a behaviour. b) a summary label. c) an explanatory fiction. d) a labelling effect. Question 9 1 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. After Miriam's family was transferred to a new school district, Miriam's new teachers received her transcripts from her previous school. Miriam had difficulty in her writing class because she would often substitute one letter for another. For example, Miriam would confuse b's with d's. Miriam also had difficulty concentrating on the task at hand and was easily distracted. After consulting Miriam's records, Miriam's homeroom teacher told the rest of Miriam's teachers that Miriam had a learning disability. When Miriam did poorly on any of her work for her other teachers, they were not surprised and said it was because Miriam had a learning disability. a) a behaviour. b) a summary label. c) an explanatory fiction. d) a labelling effect. Question 10 1 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type.Judy liked to play games, take part in sports, and play with boys in the neighbourhood. Judy was well-known as a tomboy. When the girls in the neighbourhood heard that Judy was a tomboy, they decided not to play with her. a) a behaviour. b) a summary label. c) an explanatory fiction. d) a labelling effect. Question 11 1 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. After Miriam's family was transferred to a new school district, Miriam's new teachers received her transcripts from her previous school. Miriam had difficulty in her writing class because she would often substitute one letter for another. For example, Miriam would confuse b's with d's. Miriam also had difficulty concentrating on the task at hand and was easily distracted. After consulting Miriam's records, Miriam's homeroom teacher told the rest of Miriam's teachers that Miriam had a learning disability. When Miriam did poorly on any of her work for her other teachers, they were not surprised and said it was because Miriam had a learning disability. a) a behaviour. b) a summary label. c) an explanatory fiction.d) a labelling effect. Question 12 1 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. Tommy liked to help his teacher by cleaning the blackboards and putting waste paper in the waste basket at the end of the day. Tommy's classmates often teased him by saying, "Oh, you are the teacher's pet." When Tommy got his report card at the end of term, one of the students in Tommy's class said that Tommy got such good grades because he was the teacher's pet. a) behaviour b) summary label c) explanatory fiction d) labelling effect Question 13 1 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. Professor Barton often took an incorrect left turn on the way to work, and he frequently came to class without his lecture notes. Professor Barton's students often called him the absent-minded professor. When Professor Barton was late for the final exam, his students said this was because he was so absent-minded. a) a behaviour. b) a summary label.c) an explanatory fiction. d) a labelling effect. Question 14 0 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. Glen had just finished playing a three-game basketball tournament. He was thinking about eating and drinking, and as he and his teammates arrived at the local watering hole, he could taste the beer already. a) a behaviour. b) a summary label. c) an explanatory fiction. d) a labelling effect. Question 15 1 / 1 point Identify the appropriate descriptor for the words in boldface type. Judy liked to play games, take part in sports, and play with boys in the neighbourhood. Judy was well-known as a tomboy. When the girls in the neighbourhood heard that Judy was a tomboy, they decided not to play with her. a) a behaviour. b) a summary label. c) an explanatory fiction.d) a labelling effect. Quiz 2 Question 1 1 / 1 point The practical importance of a treatment and the behaviour change it produces is assessed during the process of a) internal validity. b) social validation. c) scientific integrity. d) pre-experimental design. Question 2 1 / 1 point In randomly alternating units in a course, students either wrote out the answers to study questions or did not. This is an example of a _________________ experimental design. a) multiple-baseline across behaviours b) multiple-baseline across situations c) multiple-baseline across people d) multi-element Question 3 1 / 1 pointSuppose you count every instance of a child's sharing for a period of two hours. This exemplifies a) continuous recording. b) time-sampling. c) interval recording. d) joined-frequency recording. Question 4 1 / 1 point In which of the following is the treatment procedure introduced sequentially in time across two or more behaviours? a) a multiple-baseline design across behaviours b) a multiple-baseline design across situations c) an ABAB design d) a reversal design Question 5 1 / 1 point An ABAB design is also known as a) a reversal-replication design. b) a multi-element design. c) an alternating treatments design. d) a multiple-baseline design.Question 6 1 / 1 point If we are concerned with the degree to which the results of one experiment can be generalized to other behaviours, situations, and treatment procedures, we are concerned with a) interobserver reliability. b) internal validity. c) external validity. d) experimental fidelity. Question 7 1 / 1 point Which of the following methods is the next best thing to a behaviour modifier's direct observation of behaviour? a) self-monitoring b) a reversal design c) psychodiagnostic assessment d) questionnaires Question 8 1 / 1 point Which of the following are reasons for doing behavioural assessment? a) to identify a target behaviour b) to identify potential causes of the behaviourc) to identify potential treatment strategies for a behaviour d) all of the above Question 9 1 / 1 point The minimum standard for acceptability of interobserver reliability is a) 60%. b) 70%. c) 80%. d) 90%. Question 10 1 / 1 point Suppose that a child's tardiness for events at home and at school is measured during baseline. A treatment package to address the problem is first introduced at home, and then two weeks later the package is introduced at school. Tardiness is measured at home and at school during the entire study. This exemplifies a) an ABAB design. b) a multiple-baseline across situations. c) a multiple-baseline across behaviours. d) a changing criterion design. Question 11 1 / 1 point Another name for the intake phase of a behaviour modification program is a) the screening phase.b) the pre-program assessment phase. c) the treatment phase. d) the follow-up phase. Question 12 1 / 1 point If we count and record each instance of a behaviour during a given time period, we are using a) interval recording. b) time-sampling. c) split-frequency recording. d) continuous recording. Question 13 0 / 1 point A method by which the frequency and quality of behaviours are subjectively assessed is a) questionnaires. b) interviews. c) self-monitoring. d) third-party behavioural checklists. Question 14 1 / 1 point In which of the following designs can the different treatments interact?a) the multiple-baseline-across situations design b) the multiple-baseline-across behaviours design c) the multi-element baseline design d) the ABAB design Question 15 0 / 1 point In what type of experimental design are two different treatments applied to a behaviour in randomly alternating sessions? a) an ABAB design b) an ABAC design c) a random-alternation design Quiz 3 Question 1 1 / 1 point For most people, praise acts as a) a token reinforcer. b) a back-up reinforcer. c) a generalized reinforcer. Doned) an unconditioned reinforcer. Question 2 1 / 1 point Behaviours that operate on the environment and are altered by their consequences are known as a) responses. b) respondent behaviours. c) actions. d) operant behaviours. Question 3 1 / 1 point When assessing an undesirable behaviour, before using extinction, you should look for a) reinforcers that maintain the behaviour. b) means of punishing the behaviour. c) methods of secretly putting the behaviour on extinction. d) methods of taking advantage of spontaneous recovery. Question 4 1 / 1 point If a behaviour undergoes extinction only gradually over time, we say that the behaviour is a) intermittently reinforced. b) resistant to extinction.c) continuously reinforced. d) spontaneously recovered. Question 5 1 / 1 point A type of reinforcer that can be saved up and traded for other types of reinforcers is called a) a natural reinforcer. b) a back-up reinforcer. c) a token reinforcer. d) an unconditioned reinforcer. Question 6 1 / 1 point Dr. Jones ran her introductory psychology course according to behavioural principles. Students were tested weekly and could earn 100 points for each test for a total of 1000 points. In addition, they could earn 5 points for attending lectures. Since she gave 10 lectures during the term, the entire course involved a total of 1050 points. The students really needed points. The students were told and understood the relationship between lecture attendance and points. Dr. Jones was very disappointed to find that attendance was poor. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) amount of reinforcementd) reinforcer variety e) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers f) extraneous reinforcers g) reinforcer delay Question 7 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Harry, a child with ASD, rarely made eye contact with Dr. Bowen, the behaviour therapist working with him. When Harry did make eye contact, Dr. Bowen would quickly give Harry a sip of a soft drink. As a result, Harry made eye contact with Dr. Bowen more often than he had before. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 8 0 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. When Susan spoke out in class without first raising her hand, her teacher would reprimand her severely. As a result, Susan started speaking out in class more often than she did before. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement.b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 9 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of extinction. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Elaine had frequently used the side door of her house before she had it nailed shut to prevent burglary. (Because the side door could not be viewed from the street, it was inviting to would-be thieves). Despite this, she often found herself trying to use the door, but her twists and tugs at the knob were to no avail. Eventually, her failure to open the door caused her to cease pulling on the knob. a) Yes, this is an example of extinction. b) No, this is not an example of extinction. Question 10 0 / 1 point Jean wanted to learn to play the guitar. Her father played the guitar, and the family would often gather and sing together to his accompaniment. Jean enrolled in guitar lessons. Her teacher told Jean that he would teach her to chord a simple song as soon as she had learned to read music and play notes. Jean discovered that learning to read music and play notes was very difficult, requiring her to practice several hours each day. Playing a simple song was important to Jean, but she soon lost interest and dropped out of guitar lessons. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructionsc) amount of reinforcement d) reinforcer variety e) response energy f) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers g) extraneous reinforcers h) contrast effects Question 11 0 / 1 point Darren's parents gave him a weekly allowance of $5 as long as he completed his chores. When Darren turned 13, he took a babysitting course at his community league. After this, Darren was sought after in the neighbourhood as a babysitter. He would make $3 per hour for babysitting, and he found that in a week he could easily earn $15. Although Darren needed money for movies and other recreational activities, and his chores were not too difficult, his parents were disappointed to find that Darren rarely completed his household chores after he began babysitting. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) amount of reinforcement d) reinforcer varietye) response energy f) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers g) reinforcer delay Question 12 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Mary was having trouble with spelling. Mary's mother, a computer programmer, decided to write a program to help Mary with her spelling. This program would show a picture of an object and place the name of that object on the screen with some letters missing. For example, Mary might see a picture of a train with TR_IN beside it. Mary was rarely able to type in the correct missing letter. Mary's mother decided to add something new to the program. Now, when Mary typed in the correct missing letter, the train would toot, blow smoke, and travel around the screen. Mary enjoyed the train animation and, as a result, it wasn't long before Mary was able to type in the correct missing letters frequently. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 13 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type.Jerry was a boy with developmental delays who was learning sign language. His teacher would show Jerry a picture of a person doing something, such as running or swimming. When Jerry made the correct sign for the action shown in the picture, his teacher would give him a small sip of a soft drink or some raisins. As a result, Jerry made the correct signs for the pictures more often than he did before. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 14 0 / 1 point David was a typical teenager who wanted money. His parents told him that he could earn $10 if he washed and waxed the car, mowed the lawn, and took out the trash. David wanted the $10, and he never seemed to have enough money. Nevertheless, David rarely completed the chores. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) reinforcer variety d) response energy e) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcersf) extraneous reinforcers g) reinforcer delay h) contrast effects Question 15 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. David was having trouble at school with subtraction. For 15 minutes every day after school, David's mom would work with him on subtraction exercises. David made lots of mistakes, but when he got the correct answer, his mom would praise him, saying things like, "Great job, David." David got the correct answer much more often as a result of this procedure. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Quiz 3 Question 1 1 / 1 point Stimuli whose removal acts as a reinforcer are called a) positive reinforcers. b) noncontingent reinforcers.c) negative reinforcers. d) motivating reinforcers. Question 2 0 / 1 point Consider a situation in which a Canadian dollar coin, a "loonie," is not reinforcing for a child who knows nothing of money. The loonie is paired with many different back-up reinforcers in the process of making purchases at stores, and as a result the loonie becomes an effective reinforcer. This is an example of the establishment of a) a primary reinforcer. b) an intrinsic reinforcer. c) a conditioned reinforcer. d) a generalized conditioned reinforcer. Question 3 1 / 1 point Which of the following is typically a conditioned reinforcer for most people? a) blueberries b) one thousand dollars c) cool water on a hot day d) a warm room on a freezing day Question 4 1 / 1 point If events temporarily alter the effectiveness of a reinforcer and have elevated the frequency of behaviour reinforced by that reinforcer in the past, wesay the events are a) positive reinforcers. b) direct-acting events. c) indirect-acting events. d) motivating operations. Question 5 0 / 1 point When using extinction it is important to a) minimize the use of instructions. b) ensure that the behaviour has been previously maintained by intermittent reinforcement. c) use spontaneous recovery. d) minimize alternative reinforcers for the behaviour. Question 6 0 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. When Susan spoke out in class without first raising her hand, her teacher would reprimand her severely. As a result, Susan started speaking out in class more often than she did before. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 7 1 / 1 pointDetermine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. One day, Andy mowed the lawn as he normally did, and his uncle gave him $2 for doing so. As a result of this incident, Andy mowed the lawn less often than he had previously. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 8 1 / 1 point John was a graduate student in behaviour analysis. As part of his degree requirements, he had to do an internship where he would work with a child with a behavioural problem. John was assigned to Billie, who rarely made eye contact. John decided to reinforce eye contact with cookies. Billie loved cookies, and John was careful to use a variety of different kinds of cookies and to give Billie a cookie as soon as he made eye contact. They worked together for 2 hours per day. For the first hour of the session, Billie would make eye contact about eight times. He rarely made eye contact during the last hour of the session. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers d) extraneous reinforcerse) reinforcer delay f) contrast effects Question 9 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Harry, a child with ASD, rarely made eye contact with Dr. Bowen, the behaviour therapist working with him. When Harry did make eye contact, Dr. Bowen would quickly give Harry a sip of a soft drink. As a result, Harry made eye contact with Dr. Bowen more often than he had before. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 10 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. The management personnel at a large garment factory were concerned about the low rate of production of the garment workers. They decided to change some things in the workplace. They installed softer lighting, allowed music to be played, and permitted more coffee breaks per worker. The workers all received these benefits on the same day, and the benefits were awarded whether or not the employees were productive on any given day. Productivity increased as a result of these more pleasant conditions. a) Yes, this is an example of positivereinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 11 0 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Matthew was a 2-year-old boy who often threw tantrums at the grocery store where he would accompany his mother on her weekly shopping expeditions. When Matthew got to the store, he would ask his mother for a candy bar, and she would always say no. So Matthew would nag, whine, and throw himself on the floor. When Matthew's tantrum continued for more than a few minutes, his mother, thoroughly embarrassed by this, would usually give in and buy Matthew a candy bar. As a result, Matthew's tantrums became more frequent and lasted longer. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 12 0 / 1 point David was a typical teenager who wanted money. His parents told him that he could earn $10 if he washed and waxed the car, mowed the lawn, and took out the trash. David wanted the $10, and he never seemed to have enough money. Nevertheless, David rarely completed the chores. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiationb) use of instructions c) reinforcer variety d) response energy e) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers f) extraneous reinforcers g) reinforcer delay h) contrast effects Question 13 0 / 1 point At a forensic facility for young offenders, a token program had been set up to encourage desirable adaptive behaviours. Differing number of tokens could be earned for different kinds of behaviours. The inmates could not trade in tokens for other reinforcers, but each inmate's name was listed in a large chart, and every day the number of tokens earned was recorded. Staff members were careful to award tokens immediately, and the inmates understood the relationship between their behaviours and the tokens. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) reinforcer varietyd) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers e) extraneous reinforcers f) reinforcer delay g) contrast effects Question 14 0 / 1 point Priscilla was a middle-aged woman who had been diagnosed with depression. She talked so much about dying and seemed so lethargic that her family convinced her to see a therapist. Her therapist, who was trained as a behaviour analyst, ignored Priscilla when she talked about depressing things and praised and paid a lot of attention to Priscilla when she talked about anything other than depressing things. Priscilla never seemed to get enough attention, so praise was important to her. At home, however, Priscilla's family felt very sorry for her and paid a lot of attention to her when she talked about sad things. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) amount of reinforcement d) reinforcer variety e) response energyf) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers g) extraneous reinforcers h) reinforcer delay i) contrast effects Question 15 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of extinction. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Marvin had learned his multiplication tables very well by the time the school year ended. However, during the summer he spent his time playing baseball with his buddies and had no opportunities to practice correctly solving multiplication problems. When school started again in the fall, Marvin could only do 50% of the problems correctly, while he had been able to do 100% of them correctly before the break. a) Yes, this is an example of extinction. b) No, this is not an example of extinction. Quiz 3 C Question 1 0 / 1 point Which of the following is typically a conditioned reinforcer for most people? a) blueberries b) one thousand dollarsc) cool water on a hot day d) a warm room on a freezing day Question 2 1 / 1 point For someone who has had nothing to drink for 24 hours, water would act as a) a back-up reinforcer. b) a conditioned reinforcer. c) a negative reinforcer. d) a primary reinforcer. Question 3 1 / 1 point It is desirable to use a relatively small amount of a reinforcer on any one trial so that a) you signal that more is on the way. b) satiation is minimized and trials are maximized. c) your training procedure meets ethical standards. d) the subject does not become overly desirous. Question 4 1 / 1 point One problem with using extinction is that a) the behaviour may get worse before it gets better. b) behaviours other than the behaviour on extinction will decline in frequency. c) the person whose behaviour is on extinction may become unresponsive.d) Greenpeace will begin legal action to prevent extinction of a species. Question 5 1 / 1 point Reinforcers that are manipulated intentionally to modify behaviour are called a) direct-acting reinforcers. b) indirect-acting reinforcers. c) natural reinforcers. d) programmed reinforcers. Question 6 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Kerry was a child with ASD who spent most of her time spinning objects and flapping her fingers. She rarely made eye contact with anyone around her. When she was admitted into a behaviour therapy program, her teacher would approach Kerry and say, "Kerry, look at me." Kerry often made eye contact with her teacher when asked. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 7 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. In Mrs. Edwards's special education class there was a chart of all the students' names posted in a prominent place. Several tasks were listed on this chart, such as working without disruption for 15 minutes, cleaning the chalkboard, lining up quickly for recess, and so on. Each student could earn a star for engaging in listed tasks. When a student accumulated 10 stars, the student could pick a special activity, such as extra free play, going to the library, and so on. When the school year started, the students rarely engaged in the listed tasks, but as a result of the chart and stars, the students soon began performing the tasks more frequently.a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 8 1 / 1 point Joey's parents decided to award gold stars to Joey if he brushed his teeth in the morning without being asked. Joey could accumulate stars and trade them in for a variety of special treats. Joey enjoyed getting stars, and he didn't have to earn very many before he could trade them in. Soon, Joey brushed his teeth religiously. Then Joey's parents began giving Joey gold stars when he got dressed by himself. Joey soon began dressing himself frequently. Joey's parents were so delighted that they started giving stars every time Joey did his homework, ate his supper, played co-operatively with his little sister, or cleaned his room. They were very disappointed when Joey stopped doing most of these things, including teeth brushing. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) reinforcer variety d) response energy e) extraneous reinforcers f) reinforcer delay g) contrast effects Question 9 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Kevin was an 8-year-old boy with an attention deficit problem. He couldn't sit still forvery long in school. Rather, he would wander around the classroom. His teacher found this disruptive and decided to give Kevin 2 minutes of free play whenever he sat quietly at his desk doing school work for 20 minutes. In spite of this, Kevin continued to wander around about as often as before. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 10 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. David was having trouble at school with subtraction. For 15 minutes every day after school, David's mom would work with him on subtraction exercises. David made lots of mistakes, but when he got the correct answer, his mom would praise him, saying things like, "Great job, David." David got the correct answer much more often as a result of this procedure. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Question 11 0 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Mr. Farmer felt that his chemistry students were not paying attention to what he was trying to teach them. They would whisper, pass notes, and so on. Mr. Farmer decided to end the class 10 minutes early each day. As a result, the class was more attentive than before. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positivereinforcement. Question 12 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of extinction. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Tanya would often make up fantastic stories to tell her friends. For example, one day she claimed she had almost been eaten by a dragon while walking to school. At first, they listened intently to her stories, but once her friends realized she was making them up, they would ignore her whenever she started to tell one. As a result, Tanya now tells fantastic tales much less often than before. a) Yes, this is an example of extinction. b) No, this is not an example of extinction. Question 13 0 / 1 point Tamara used a token system in her special education classroom. In Tamara's class, tokens could be exchanged for trips to the library, extra gym time, visits to the resource centre, special field trips, or teacher-helper privileges. Sandra ran a special-education classroom where students could earn tokens as well. These tokens could be traded in for an extra trip to the library. Sandra's students didn't get to go to the library very often. The behaviours that Sandra reinforced with tokens were not too difficult for her students, and Sandra was careful to award the tokens immediately and to explain to the students how tokens could be earned and exchanged. Although Tamara's program worked well, Sandra found that her students didn't perform desirable behaviours very often. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) amount of reinforcement d) reinforcer variety e) response energyf) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers g) extraneous reinforcers h) reinforcer delay i) contrast effects Question 14 0 / 1 point Cindy was learning to slalom ski. Her father, who was a ski instructor, set up a slalom course with 12 gates. Cindy was supposed to go around each gate without missing any. When Cindy completed the course without missing any gates, her father would immediately present her with a choice of one piece of licorice, one miniature marshmallow, or one raisin. Cindy loved licorice, marshmallows, and raisins, and didn't get too many of these treats. Completing the course without missing gates was not too difficult for Cindy, but nevertheless she rarely did so, and instead would ski straight down the mountain. In this item, one principle of reinforcement effectiveness has been violated. Identify which principle was violated from among the following: a) deprivation/satiation b) use of instructions c) amount of reinforcement d) reinforcer variety e) predictiveness of conditioned reinforcers f) extraneous reinforcers g) reinforcer delayh) contrast effects Question 15 1 / 1 point Determine whether or not this is an example of positive reinforcement. The target behaviour is in boldface type. One day, Andy mowed the lawn as he normally did, and his uncle gave him $2 for doing so. As a result of this incident, Andy mowed the lawn less often than he had previously. a) Yes, this is an example of positive reinforcement. b) No, this is not an example of positive reinforcement. Quiz4 Question 1 1 / 1 point The effect of an immediate punisher in reducing the frequency of a response is called a) the indirect-acting effect of punishment. b) the avoidance effect of punishment. c) response cost. d) the direct-acting effect of punishment. Question 2 1 / 1 point Punishers that impinge on the pain receptors in your body are called a) physical punishers. b) overcorrection punishers. c) activity punishers.d) reprimands. Question 3 1 / 1 point Which of the following procedures increases the frequency of behaviour? a) punishment b) response cost c) timeout d) negative reinforcement Question 4 1 / 1 point One explanation for avoidance behaviour is that it allows people to escape from a) anxious feelings. b) unpleasant thoughts. c) a warning stimulus. d) all of the above. Question 5 1 / 1 point When a stimulus is introduced into a situation that is associated with less reinforcement, this is an instance of a) response cost. b) nonexclusionary timeout. c) exclusionary timeout.d) escape conditioning. Question 6 1 / 1 point A punisher that acquires its ability to punish due to pairing with other punishers is called a) response cost. b) a physical punisher. c) exclusionary time-out. d) a conditioned punisher. Question 7 1 / 1 point Identify which of the options best identifies the type of punishment represented, if any. The target behaviour is in boldface type. When Jeff misspelled a word, he was required to clean all the chalkboards in the classroom. As a result of this, Jeff's rate of misspelling words declined. a) punishment - physical punishment b) punishment - reprimands c) punishment - exclusionary timeout d) punishment - nonexclusionary timeout e) punishment - response cost f) punishment - arbitrary activity punisher g) punishment - restitutional overcorrection h) punishment - positive practice overcorrectioni) punishment - habit reversal j) not an example of punishment Question 8 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of escape, avoidance, both, or neither. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Frances was a new professor of geology. During her first year at a new university, she failed to engage in research activities, which caused her pay to be cut at the end of the academic year. Due to this experience, Frances began publishing more often in subsequent years. a) escape b) avoidance c) both escape and avoidance d) none of the above Question 9 0 / 1 point Identify which of the options best identifies the type of punishment represented, if any. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Lucy's left eye twitched rapidly. A procedure was introduced in which Lucy was required to close her eyes tightly for 8 seconds each time an eye twitch occurred. This successfully reduced the frequency of Lucy's eye twitches. a) punishment - physical punishment b) punishment - reprimands c) punishment - exclusionary timeout d) punishment - nonexclusionary timeoute) punishment - response cost f) punishment - arbitrary activity punisher g) punishment - restitutional overcorrection h) punishment - positive practice overcorrection i) punishment - habit reversal j) not an example of punishment Question 10 0 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of escape, avoidance, both, or neither. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Perdita had just moved to a new town and felt quite lonely for her old school and friends. For the first few days of school, Perdita told her mother she had a stomach ache, which resulted in Perdita staying at home for the day. One day, Perdita did not say she had a stomach ache, and her mother sent her to school. As a result of this incident, for the next several weeks Perdita frequently said she had a stomach ache in the morning. a) escape b) avoidance c) both escape and avoidance d) none of the above Question 11 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of escape, avoidance, both, or neither. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Warren, a student in junior high school, had developed a frequent habit of skipping school. His parents were informed by the school about Warren's frequent truancy. His parents were upset that Warren was not going to school regularly and decided to do something about it. On each day that Warren missed classes, he was required to do one extra hour ofhomework that evening. As a result of this method, Warren's rate of attending classes improved from about 60% to close to 100%. a) escape b) avoidance c) both escape and avoidance d) none of the above Question 12 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of escape, avoidance, both, or neither. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Little Billie was constantly getting into serious trouble. When Billie misbehaved, he would receive a stern lecture from his father that could last as long as half an hour. If Billie wept a little or otherwise acted contrite, his father would stop lecturing him, and he would be allowed to continue with his regular activities. Billie soon learned to weep very quickly once the lecture began. a) escape b) avoidance c) both escape and avoidance d) none of the above Question 13 1 / 1 point Identify which of the options best identifies the type of punishment represented, if any. The target behaviour is in boldface type. When Calvin ran across the road without looking both ways, his dad would take him by the hand and walk him across the road properly several times, ensuring that Calvin looked both ways carefully each time. This was successful in reducing the number of times Calvin crossed the road without first looking both ways. a) punishment - physical punishmentb) punishment - reprimands c) punishment - exclusionary timeout d) punishment - nonexclusionary timeout e) punishment - response cost f) punishment - arbitrary activity punisher g) punishment - restitutional overcorrection h) punishment - positive practice overcorrection i) punishment - habit reversal j) not an example of punishment Question 14 1 / 1 point Identify which of the options best identifies the type of punishment represented, if any. The target behaviour is in boldface type. When Luis spilled milk on the table, his mother would give him a cloth and ask him to clean up the spill and the rest of the table. If he refused, his mother would grab his hand and push the cloth around to clean up the spill and the rest of the table. After this, Luis spilled milk much less often than before. a) punishment - physical punishment b) punishment - reprimands c) punishment - exclusionary timeoutd) punishment - nonexclusionary timeout e) punishment - response cost f) punishment - arbitrary activity punisher g) punishment - restitutional overcorrection h) punishment - positive practice overcorrection i) punishment - habit reversal j) not an example of punishment Question 15 0 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of escape, avoidance, both, or neither. The target behaviour is in boldface type. David lived in an area where there was a harsh winter climate. One year, the government ran a program in which they gave people a $400 bonus if they insulated their houses. As a result of this, David and many of his neighbours insulated their houses that year. a) escape b) avoidance c) both escape and avoidance d) none of the above Quiz 5 Question 1 0 / 1 pointIn which type of schedule is reinforcement delivered when the first response occurs after a specific time interval has passed? a) variable-interval schedule b) variable-ratio schedule c) fixed-interval schedule d) fixed-ratio schedule Question 2 0 / 1 point A fairly steady rate of responding between reinforcements is seen in a) an intermittent schedule. b) a VI schedule. c) an FI schedule. d) an FR schedule. Question 3 1 / 1 point A ____________ schedule is intended to decrease a response by reinforcing an alternative response that is incompatible with the response to be eliminated. a) DRO b) DRA c) DRI d) spaced-responding DRLQuestion 4 1 / 1 point Reinforcement is given immediately after a response during a session, provided that that response is separated from the preceding response by some minimal time period. This refers to a) an FI/LH schedule. b) a limited-responding DRL schedule. c) a VI/LH schedule. d) a spaced-responding DRL schedule. Question 5 1 / 1 point In behaviour modification applications, what advantage do VR schedules have over FR schedules? a) They provide more reinforcement over the entire session. b) They do not cause pauses after reinforcement. c) They provide more predictable reinforcement. d) They provide the learner with more enjoyment. Question 6 0 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Sandra was a very good driver. She and her husband were transferred to Borneo for 4 years where they did not have an automobile. When they returned to California, Sandra was no longer able to drive well. a) DROb) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 7 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Malcolm was a steel worker who used a lot of profane language. He could rarely utter a sentence without a swear word in it. His wife was concerned about the effect of his language on their children. She decided to respond attentively to Malcolm when he used no swear words during the previous 30-second period. Malcolm's rate of using profane language decreased dramatically as a result of his wife's procedure. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 8 0 / 1 point Identify the reinforcement schedule. Tom's car behaved inconsistently. Sometimes, Tom would have to depress the accelerator for just 1 second before his car would start. Other times, he would have to depress the accelerator for several seconds before the car would start. Depressing the accelerator is the target behaviour, and the car starting is the reinforcer.a) fixed ratio (FR) b) variable ratio (VR) c) fixed interval (FI) d) fixed interval with limited hold (FI/LH) e) variable interval (VI) f) variable interval with limited hold (VI/LH) g) fixed duration (FD) h) variable duration (VD) i) differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) j) differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH) k) differential reinforcement of paced responding (DRP) Question 9 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Susie had the annoying habit of cracking her knuckles. Her mother decided to pay attention and praise Susie whenever she refrained from cracking her knuckles for at least 20 minutes. As a result, Susie's rate of cracking her knuckles decreased. a) DROb) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 10 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. When Albert teased his sister, he was immediately sent to his room for 10 minutes. As a result, Albert soon stopped teasing his sister. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 11 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Henry was a 7-year-old boy who had been diagnosed with asthma. He had frequent asthma attacks, consisting of wheezing and coughing, despite changes in his diet and use of various types of medication. It was noticed that Henry received medicine and much sympathetic attention from his mother during asthma attacks that occurred at bedtime. In an effort to solve the problem, when Henry had bedtime asthma attacks, he was no longer given any extra attention. This procedure caused the duration of Henry's asthma attacks to drop from over an hour per evening to about5 minutes per evening. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 12 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Cheryl was depressed and talked a lot about dying and how sad her life was. Her husband decided to pay attention and contribute to the conversation whenever Cheryl talked about anything other than dying and how sad her life was for a 1-minute period of time. As a result of this, Cheryl rarely talked about dying and how sad her life was. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 13 0 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Billie had terrible table manners, including chewing with his mouth open. His parents decided to tap his hand lightly whenever he chewed with his mouthopen. As a result, Billie's rate of chewing with his mouth open declined. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 14 1 / 1 point Identify the reinforcement schedule. Ignatz the elephant was learning to stand on one foot. His trainer would give a signal, and if Ignatz stood on one foot for exactly 10 seconds, Ignatz would receive a special elephant treat. The target behaviour is standing on one foot, and the reinforcer is the treat. a) fixed ratio (FR) b) variable ratio (VR) c) fixed interval (FI) d) fixed interval with limited hold (FI/LH) e) variable interval (VI) f) variable interval with limited hold (VI/LH) g) fixed duration (FD) h) variable duration (VD)i) differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) j) differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH) k) differential reinforcement of paced responding (DRP) Question 15 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. When Susan heard the word snake, she would imagine all sorts of frightening snakes, and would start to shake and sweat. A counsellor at her school was working with her on this problem. If Margaret laughed when the counsellor said the word snake, the counsellor rewarded her with praise and tokens that Margaret could exchange for privileges. Margaret's rate of shaking and sweating when she heard the word snake decreased as a result of this procedure. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Quiz 5B Question 1 1 / 1 point Reinforcement is given immediately after a response during a session, provided that that response is separated from the preceding response by some minimal time period. This refers toa) an FI/LH schedule. b) a limited-responding DRL schedule. c) a VI/LH schedule. d) a spaced-responding DRL schedule. Question 2 1 / 1 point In which type of schedule is reinforcement delivered when the first response occurs after a specific time interval has passed and within a limited period of time after that interval is over? a) VI/LH b) FR/LH c) VR/LH d) FI/LH Question 3 1 / 1 point The response chosen in a concurrent schedule depends on a) the relative immediacy of reinforcement. b) the relative magnitude of reinforcement. c) the relative response effort. d) all of the above. Question 4 1 / 1 point A procedure that involves extinction of a problembehaviour combined with reinforcing a behaviour that is topographically dissimilar to but not necessarily incompatible with the problem behaviour is known as a a) DRL schedule. b) DRA schedule. c) DRO schedule. d) DRI schedule. Question 5 1 / 1 point In which of the following schedules does the number of responses required for reinforcement change from reinforcement to reinforcement? a) VR b) FR c) VI d) VD Question 6 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Three mildly developmentally delayed 7-year-old male students often disrupted their classroom with offtask verbal and physical responses, failure to pay attention, and out-of-seat behaviour. A procedure was implemented in which, for every 5 minutes that passed without a student engaging in a disruptive behaviour, that student would receive a small treat. As a result of this method, the frequency of disruptive behavioursdeclined for all three students. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 7 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. George knew all the names of the facial nerves. This was quite an accomplishment because they had strange names, like ocularmotor and trigeminal. Years later, when his medical doctor brother asked him to recite the names of the facial nerves, he could not do so. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 8 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Professor Black stopped answering Karen's frequent inane questions in class. As a result, the frequency of Karen's question asking decreased.a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 9 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Sandra was a very good driver. She and her husband were transferred to Borneo for 4 years where they did not have an automobile. When they returned to California, Sandra was no longer able to drive well. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 10 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Bob was a 19-year-old mentally disabled man. He would often ruminate, a behaviour disorder in which previously swallowed and partially digested food is brought up, re-chewed, and re-swallowed. This disorder can cause malnutrition and even death. Bob was treated by giving him small bits of a cookie and dabs of peanut butter for every 10 seconds that he did not ruminate, and this time criterion was graduallyincreased until eventually Bob's rumination decreased to nearly zero. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 11 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Benjamin was a biter in preschool. The parents of his classmates were very concerned about the fact that Benjamin kept biting other children. They met with the preschool workers, and it was decided that Benjamin would be praised and given small treats for each 15-minute period that passed without any incidents of biting. Benjamin hardly ever bit other children after this. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 12 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Aaron's co-worker, Brian, was very sociable and spenta lot of the working day chatting with other people in the office. Brian would often fail to get his work done on time and would ask Aaron to help him finish his work at the end of the day. Aaron was tired of staying late after work to help Brian, so he began to refuse Brian's frequent requests. As a result, Brian stopped asking Aaron to help him finish his work. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinction d) none of the above Question 13 1 / 1 point Determine whether this is an example of DRO, DRI, extinction, or none of these. The target behaviour is in boldface type. Henry was a 7-year-old boy who had been diagnosed with asthma. He had frequent asthma attacks, consisting of wheezing and coughing, despite changes in his diet and use of various types of medication. It was noticed that Henry received medicine and much sympathetic attention from his mother during asthma attacks that occurred at bedtime. In an effort to solve the problem, when Henry had bedtime asthma attacks, he was no longer given any extra attention. This procedure caused the duration of Henry's asthma attacks to drop from over an hour per evening to about 5 minutes per evening. a) DRO b) DRI c) extinctiond) none of the above Question 14 1 / 1 point Identify the reinforcement schedule. In a daycare centre, every afternoon at 3:30 a green light would flash for 15 minutes. If a child put one toy back into the toy storage box at any time during this 15-minute period, that child would earn a star. Stars could not be earned before or after the 15-minute period ended. The stars are the reinforcers, and putting one toy away is the target behaviour. a) fixed ratio (FR) b) variable ratio (VR) c) fixed interval (FI) d) fixed interval with limited hold (FI/LH) e) variable interval (VI) f) variable interval with limited hold (VI/LH) g) fixed duration (FD) h) variable duration (VD) i) differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) j) differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH) k) differential reinforcement of paced responding (DRP) Question 15 1 / 1 pointIdentify the reinforcement schedule. A token system was used at a nursing home for geriatric patients. As one part of the token economy, the patients received a special token if they told a joke to another patient. If they accumulated ten of the joketelling tokens, they could exchange the tokens for several free videos. The target behaviour is telling one joke, and the reinforcer is a token. a) fixed ratio (FR) b) variable ratio (VR) c) fixed interval (FI) d) fixed interval with limited hold (FI/LH) e) variable interval (VI) f) variable interval with limited hold (VI/LH) g) fixed duration (FD) h) variable duration (VD) i) differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) j) differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH) k) differential reinforcement of paced Quiz 6Question 1 0 / 1 point Suppose that a shopper normally visits a grocery store that has a loyalty program permitting customers to earn points toward prizes that can be selected from a website. One day the store suddenly changes its point system so that considerably more points are needed to earn the same prizes. The announcement of the new point system would function as a(n) ________ with respect to individual points as a reinforcer. a) CMAO b) CMEO c) SD d) S∆ Question 2 1 / 1 point Suppose a child's critical thinking is reinforced by a teacher at school, but at home the child's parents ignore and extinguish critical thinking. The teacher would become _______________ for critical thinking. a) an SD b) an S∆ c) an operant stimulus d) a correlational stimulus Question 3 1 / 1 point Suppose a person's gossiping is reinforced by the reactions of friends to the gossip. The gossiping would be an example of a) contingency-shaped behaviour.b) rule-governed behaviour. c) unconditioned reinforcement. d) an S∆. Question 4 1 / 1 point If teaching a child to say "green" in the presence of green objects increases the likelihood that the child will also say "green" to mint-coloured objects, we say that ______________ has occurred. a) response generalization b) stimulus generalization c) stimulus control d) stimulus discrimination Question 5 1 / 1 point In which of the following are both the value-altering effect and the behaviour-altering effect learned? a) conditioned motivating operations b) conditioned establishing operations c) conditioned abolishing operations d) all of the above Question 6 1 / 1 point Which of the following refers to the degree of correlation between the occurrence of a particular stimulus and the occurrence of a subsequent response?a) behaviour maintenance b) stimulus certitude c) stimulus control d) stimulus discrimination training Question 7 1 / 1 point While leafing through a picture book, a child comes to a page with a photo of a camel and says (out loud) "camel." This exemplifies a) an intraverbal. b) a mand. c) an echoic. d) a tact. Question 8 0 / 1 point Due to learning to match stimulus B to stimulus A and stimulus C to stimulus B, the learner can then match stimulus C to stimulus A. This is an example of a) stimulus equivalence. b) transitivity. c) symmetry. d) reflexivity. Question 9 1 / 1 point A child imitates a sibling who says "goat." The child'sresponse exemplifies a) a mand. b) an echoic. c) a tact. d) an intraverbal. Question 10 0 / 1 point Depriving someone of water for a period of time increases the reinforcing effectiveness of water for that person. Depriving someone of water is a) a CMEO. b) a CMAO. c) a UMEO. d) a UMAO. Question 11 0 / 1 point Suppose that a child comes home from school feeling thirsty. The plumbers have turned off the water, and the child's sibling says that there is some bottled water to drink in a basement cupboard. The offer and description of the water exemplifies _____ with respect to water as a reinforcer. a) a CMAO b) a CMEO c) an SDd) an S∆ Question 12 1 / 1 point When we reinforce a response in the presence of a particular stimulus and do not reinforce that response in the presence of some other stimulus, we are using a) conditioned reinforcement. b) shaping. c) fading. d) stimulus discrimination training. Question 13 0 / 1 point Annie was learning Spanish via a computer. When a Spanish word appeared on the screen, Annie's job was to type in the corresponding English word. Correct responses were reinforced with points toward her course grade, and incorrect responses were extinguished. During one session, the computer repeatedly presented 20 Spanish words to Annie until she got each one correct at least twice. This is an example of a) simultaneous discrimination. b) successive discrimination. c) multiple-stimulus, multiple-response discrimination. d) verbal discrimination. e) matching-to-sample discrimination.f) b, c, and d g) a, c, and d h) c, d, and e i) none of the above; this is not an example of stimulus discrimination training. Question 14 1 / 1 point Pizza the Pig was learning to kneel. If Pizza kneeled when a buzzer sounded, this was reinforced with apples on an FR 2 schedule. If he kneeled when the buzzer was not sounding, he did not receive any apples. This is an example of a) simultaneous discrimination. b) successive discrimination. c) multiple-stimulus, multiple-response discrimination. d) verbal discrimination. e) matching-to-sample discrimination. f) none of the above; this is not an example of stimulus discrimination training. Question 15 1 / 1 point Neil was a 4-year-old boy who was learning about the relative position of objects. His teacher would place two objects on a table, one in front of the other. She would say "Which object is closer to you?" If Neil picked the correct object, he was praised. If he picked the object that was further away, his teacher corrected him. This is an example ofa) simultaneous discrimination. b) successive discrimination. c) multiple-stimulus, multiple-response discrimination. d) verbal discrimination. e) matching-to-sample discrimination. f) none of the above; this is not an example of stimulus discrimination training. Quiz 6 B 80 % Question 1 1 / 1 point In which of the following are both the value-altering effect and the behaviour-altering effect learned? a) conditioned motivating operations b) conditioned establishing operations c) conditioned abolishing operations d) all of the above Question 2 1 / 1 point Suppose that an employer tells employees that they will earn a bonus of $100 for each $1000 of goods they sell. The description of the bonus system is _____ with respect to $1000 of good sold as a reinforcer.a) a CMEO b) a UMEO c) a CMAO d) a UMAO Question 3 1 / 1 point Which of the following refers to the degree of correlation between the occurrence of a particular stimulus and the occurrence of a subsequent response? a) behaviour maintenance b) stimulus certitude c) stimulus contro