NSG 3113 Pathophysiology Exam 2
questions well answered graded A+
leukopenia
- decrease in all WBCs (neutrophils most common)
- below 4,000/mcL
- increases risk of infection
- decreases signs of infection
- diminishes healing ability
leukocytosis
- a rise in WBC count above 11,000/mcL
leukemoid reaction
- leukocytosis in excess of 50,000/mcL because of disorders other than leukemia
- seen in hemorrhage, specific infections, splenic dysfunction and organ necrosis
anemia
- insufficient delivery of oxygen to the tissues caused by an inadequate number of mature,
healthy RBCs in the blood
- produce signs of cellular hypoxia and lack of cell energy
- lack of iron, B12, folic acid (necessary for synthesizing RBCs)
hypoxia
- what is the major stimulus for erythropoiesis?
kidney
- which body structure can sense hypoxia in the blood and releases hormone erythropoietin,
which stimulates the bone marrow to synthesize RBCs from stem cell erythroid precursors?
iron
, - the synthesis of Hgb is greatly dependent on the availability of which nutrient?
- a lack of _ results in small amounts of Hgb in each RBC resulting in low amount of oxygen
carriage in blood
cellular hypoxia
- if oxygen saturation is 100% and Hgb is low (anemia), oxygen delivery will be inadequate
resulting in _?
acute blood loss
- anemia of _ is a precipitous drop in the RBC population caused by hemorrhage
- recent trauma is a major risk factor
acute blood loss
- signs and symptoms of this condition depends on the volume lost
- hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor, loss of consciousness develop as bleeding
worsens
chronic blood loss
- anemia of _ occurs when a client endures a slow, gradual loss of blood
- caused by GI bleeding, menorrhagia, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer and chronic
use of NSAIDs/Aspirin
chronic blood loss
- signs and symptoms of this condition include fatigue, pallor, weakness, exercise intolerance
- the client is usually unaware
- GI symptoms may be present: esophagitis, gastric ulcerations
hemolytic anemia
- when erythrocyte destruction outpaces RBC synthesis by the bone marrow
- fatigue, pallor, SOB, tachycardia, chills, jaundice, dark urine and enlarged spleen
iron deficiency anemia
- what is the major problem that arises with chronic blood loss?
- slow loss of RBCs gradually depletes the body's iron stores
iron deficiency anemia
questions well answered graded A+
leukopenia
- decrease in all WBCs (neutrophils most common)
- below 4,000/mcL
- increases risk of infection
- decreases signs of infection
- diminishes healing ability
leukocytosis
- a rise in WBC count above 11,000/mcL
leukemoid reaction
- leukocytosis in excess of 50,000/mcL because of disorders other than leukemia
- seen in hemorrhage, specific infections, splenic dysfunction and organ necrosis
anemia
- insufficient delivery of oxygen to the tissues caused by an inadequate number of mature,
healthy RBCs in the blood
- produce signs of cellular hypoxia and lack of cell energy
- lack of iron, B12, folic acid (necessary for synthesizing RBCs)
hypoxia
- what is the major stimulus for erythropoiesis?
kidney
- which body structure can sense hypoxia in the blood and releases hormone erythropoietin,
which stimulates the bone marrow to synthesize RBCs from stem cell erythroid precursors?
iron
, - the synthesis of Hgb is greatly dependent on the availability of which nutrient?
- a lack of _ results in small amounts of Hgb in each RBC resulting in low amount of oxygen
carriage in blood
cellular hypoxia
- if oxygen saturation is 100% and Hgb is low (anemia), oxygen delivery will be inadequate
resulting in _?
acute blood loss
- anemia of _ is a precipitous drop in the RBC population caused by hemorrhage
- recent trauma is a major risk factor
acute blood loss
- signs and symptoms of this condition depends on the volume lost
- hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor, loss of consciousness develop as bleeding
worsens
chronic blood loss
- anemia of _ occurs when a client endures a slow, gradual loss of blood
- caused by GI bleeding, menorrhagia, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer and chronic
use of NSAIDs/Aspirin
chronic blood loss
- signs and symptoms of this condition include fatigue, pallor, weakness, exercise intolerance
- the client is usually unaware
- GI symptoms may be present: esophagitis, gastric ulcerations
hemolytic anemia
- when erythrocyte destruction outpaces RBC synthesis by the bone marrow
- fatigue, pallor, SOB, tachycardia, chills, jaundice, dark urine and enlarged spleen
iron deficiency anemia
- what is the major problem that arises with chronic blood loss?
- slow loss of RBCs gradually depletes the body's iron stores
iron deficiency anemia
