5️⃣
Types and Dimensions of
Research
Type Literature
Research
Notebook
Methodology
📝Research can be sliced by:
1. Application: Pure (basic) vs Applied
2. Objectives: Descriptive, Exploratory, Correlational, Explanatory
3. Inquiry Mode: Qualitative vs Quantitative
4. Time: Cross‑sectional vs Longitudinal
5. Analysis: Content, Factor, Regression, Statistical analyses
1-By Application:
💜Pure (Basic/Fundamental) Research
Goal: improve theories, methods, and tools; expand knowledge.
Nature: tests abstract hypotheses; refines methodology.
Examples: new sampling technique; validity assessment method; stress
scale; attitude measure.
✍🏻Applied Research
Goal: solve specific, practical problems (solution‑oriented).
Where: business, medicine, education, policy contexts.
Contrast with Action Research: action research is more educational,
specific, controlled; applied is broader, descriptive, limited control.
Types and Dimensions of Research 1
, Examples: best anxiety treatment; strategies to motivate workers;
ergonomic keyboard design.
Pure vs Applied :
Pure → theory/method refinement; scientist‑centric.
Applied → immediate solutions; practitioner‑centric; real‑world impact.
2-By Objectives
📜Descriptive Research
Purpose: describe a situation, program, population, or attitudes; answers
what/how/when/where, not why.
Typical: guiding questions, not strict hypotheses; often probability
sampling (e.g., simple random).
Data: qualitative or quantitative; quant often summarized via
frequencies/means.
Examples: customer satisfaction surveys; presidential approval polls;
course evaluations.
👁️🗨️Exploratory Research
Purpose: clarify concepts, formulate problems, generate hypotheses—
esp. in under‑researched areas.
Methods: literature scans, focus groups, case studies, expert interviews;
non‑probabilistic, info‑rich sampling.
Data: mainly qualitative.
Examples: brainstorming sessions; expert interviews; short social‑media
surveys.
💪🏻Correlational Research
Purpose: detect presence/absence/strength/direction of relationships; no
manipulation.
Methods: observation/fieldwork, archival/archaeological sources,
surveys.
Types and Dimensions of Research 2
Types and Dimensions of
Research
Type Literature
Research
Notebook
Methodology
📝Research can be sliced by:
1. Application: Pure (basic) vs Applied
2. Objectives: Descriptive, Exploratory, Correlational, Explanatory
3. Inquiry Mode: Qualitative vs Quantitative
4. Time: Cross‑sectional vs Longitudinal
5. Analysis: Content, Factor, Regression, Statistical analyses
1-By Application:
💜Pure (Basic/Fundamental) Research
Goal: improve theories, methods, and tools; expand knowledge.
Nature: tests abstract hypotheses; refines methodology.
Examples: new sampling technique; validity assessment method; stress
scale; attitude measure.
✍🏻Applied Research
Goal: solve specific, practical problems (solution‑oriented).
Where: business, medicine, education, policy contexts.
Contrast with Action Research: action research is more educational,
specific, controlled; applied is broader, descriptive, limited control.
Types and Dimensions of Research 1
, Examples: best anxiety treatment; strategies to motivate workers;
ergonomic keyboard design.
Pure vs Applied :
Pure → theory/method refinement; scientist‑centric.
Applied → immediate solutions; practitioner‑centric; real‑world impact.
2-By Objectives
📜Descriptive Research
Purpose: describe a situation, program, population, or attitudes; answers
what/how/when/where, not why.
Typical: guiding questions, not strict hypotheses; often probability
sampling (e.g., simple random).
Data: qualitative or quantitative; quant often summarized via
frequencies/means.
Examples: customer satisfaction surveys; presidential approval polls;
course evaluations.
👁️🗨️Exploratory Research
Purpose: clarify concepts, formulate problems, generate hypotheses—
esp. in under‑researched areas.
Methods: literature scans, focus groups, case studies, expert interviews;
non‑probabilistic, info‑rich sampling.
Data: mainly qualitative.
Examples: brainstorming sessions; expert interviews; short social‑media
surveys.
💪🏻Correlational Research
Purpose: detect presence/absence/strength/direction of relationships; no
manipulation.
Methods: observation/fieldwork, archival/archaeological sources,
surveys.
Types and Dimensions of Research 2
