PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
1. Psychology ANS The scientific study of behavior and the mind.
2. Empirical evidence ANS evidence gained through experience and observation
3. Empiricism Advantages ANS Observable information is publicly verifiable
pros/cons by others, the basis for science. Disadvantages: not all phenomenon
are directly observable, and understanding observations still requires
interpretation, which is subject to bias.
4. Critical thinking ANS taking an active role in understanding the world
5. Nature vs. Nurture ANS Nature + Nurture = Us Debate
6. Mind-Body Dual ANS The mind and body are distinct kinds of substances or
natures. This position ism implies that mind and body not only differ in meaning
but refer to different kinds of entities.
7. Monism ANS Mind and body are connected and influence each other.
, PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
8. Mind-Body Inter ANS relationship between mental processes and the functioning
of other bodily systems actions
9. British Empiricism ANS Ideas and knowledge are gained through the senses.
Observation is more valid than reason. Advances in physiology and medicine
10. Phrenology ANS Using the shape of someone's head to determine their traits.
Franz Joseph Gall (1758 - 1828).
11. Psychophysics ANS Psychologically experienced sensations depend on the
characteristics of physical stimuli. studies relations between the physical
characteristics of stimuli and sensory capabilities
12. Darwin's Theory ANS The human mind is a product of the biological continuity
between humans and of Evolution other species
13. Structuralism Analysis of basic elements. ANS Introspection. Wilhelm Wundt had
the first experimental psychology laboratory (Germany, 1879).
, PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
14. Functionalism ANS Functions of consciousness. Started by William James.
Modern-day fields include cognitive and evolutionary psychology. Emotions are
complex in nature. Some philosophers have argued that emotions have evolved
to help species adapt to their environment.
15. Psychoanalysis Internal and unconscious psychological forces. Freud. Modern day
psychoanalysis focuses on how unconscious processes affect behavior, and early
relationships with caregivers.
16. Free association ANS Expression of any thoughts that come to mind.
17. Defense Mechanisms ANS Psychological techniques that help us cope with
anxiety and pain. Repression is a primary defense mechanism.
18. Psychodynamic ANS Strong emphasis on childhood sexuality and aggressive,
inborn drives. Extremely Perspective controversial theory (mixed empirical
research and inspired additional research).
19. Behavioral Perspective ANS The external environment governs our actions.
1. Psychology ANS The scientific study of behavior and the mind.
2. Empirical evidence ANS evidence gained through experience and observation
3. Empiricism Advantages ANS Observable information is publicly verifiable
pros/cons by others, the basis for science. Disadvantages: not all phenomenon
are directly observable, and understanding observations still requires
interpretation, which is subject to bias.
4. Critical thinking ANS taking an active role in understanding the world
5. Nature vs. Nurture ANS Nature + Nurture = Us Debate
6. Mind-Body Dual ANS The mind and body are distinct kinds of substances or
natures. This position ism implies that mind and body not only differ in meaning
but refer to different kinds of entities.
7. Monism ANS Mind and body are connected and influence each other.
, PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
8. Mind-Body Inter ANS relationship between mental processes and the functioning
of other bodily systems actions
9. British Empiricism ANS Ideas and knowledge are gained through the senses.
Observation is more valid than reason. Advances in physiology and medicine
10. Phrenology ANS Using the shape of someone's head to determine their traits.
Franz Joseph Gall (1758 - 1828).
11. Psychophysics ANS Psychologically experienced sensations depend on the
characteristics of physical stimuli. studies relations between the physical
characteristics of stimuli and sensory capabilities
12. Darwin's Theory ANS The human mind is a product of the biological continuity
between humans and of Evolution other species
13. Structuralism Analysis of basic elements. ANS Introspection. Wilhelm Wundt had
the first experimental psychology laboratory (Germany, 1879).
, PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
14. Functionalism ANS Functions of consciousness. Started by William James.
Modern-day fields include cognitive and evolutionary psychology. Emotions are
complex in nature. Some philosophers have argued that emotions have evolved
to help species adapt to their environment.
15. Psychoanalysis Internal and unconscious psychological forces. Freud. Modern day
psychoanalysis focuses on how unconscious processes affect behavior, and early
relationships with caregivers.
16. Free association ANS Expression of any thoughts that come to mind.
17. Defense Mechanisms ANS Psychological techniques that help us cope with
anxiety and pain. Repression is a primary defense mechanism.
18. Psychodynamic ANS Strong emphasis on childhood sexuality and aggressive,
inborn drives. Extremely Perspective controversial theory (mixed empirical
research and inspired additional research).
19. Behavioral Perspective ANS The external environment governs our actions.
